Abstract
Production of hydroxyapatite coatings using an alkoxide-based sol–gel route requires control of solution aging time and heating schedule. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the changes during aging of the sol and thermal gravimetric analysis employed to study the behavior of the xerogels as a function of temperature, while final products were determined using X-ray diffraction. Results from 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and thermal analysis revealed that sols must be aged for at least 24 h to complete the reaction of the two reactants. Deposition of the sol for coating production will then yield monophasic hydroxyapatite. Coatings produced from sols aged for less than 24 h yielded calcium oxide in addition to hydroxyapatite. Prefiring is necessary to remove most of the residual organic materials. Final heating up to 800°C produces crystallization at 550°C and removal of the remaining organic constituents for the formation of a thin hydroxyapatite layer. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. G. C. Wolke, K. de Groot and J. A. Jansen, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 39 (1998) 524.
C. M. Cotell, D. B. Chrisey, K. S. Grabowski, J. A. Sprague and C. R. Rossett, J. Appl. Biomater. 3 (1992) 87.
H. Dasarathy, C. Riley and H. D. Coble, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 27 (1993) 477.
P. Li, K. Nakanishi, T. Kokubo and K. de Groot, Biomaterials 14 (1993) 963.
M. Shirkhanzadeh, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 6 (1995) 90.
C. W. Turner, Ceram. Bull. 70 (1991) 1487.
L. L. Hench, Curr. Opin. Sol. State Mater. Sci. 2 (1997) 604.
B. Ben-Nissan, C. S. Chai and K. A. Gross, in “Bioceramics 10” edited by L. Sedel and C. Rey (Elsevier Science, London, 1997) p. 175.
A. Volceanov, C. Florea and M. Radulscu, Rev. Chim. 48 (1997) 504.
A. Deptula, W. Lada, T. Olczak, A. Borello, C. Alvani and A. de Bartolomeo, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 147/148 (1992) 537.
W. Weng and J. L. Baptista, J.Mater. Sci.Mater. in Med. 9 (1998) 159.
W. van Raemdonck, P. Ducheyne and P. De meester, in “Metal and Ceramic Biomaterials”, Vol. 2, edited by P. Ducheyne and G. W. Hastings (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1984) pp. 143–66.
Y. Masuda, K. Matubara and S. Sakka, J. Ceram. Soc. Japan 98 (1990) 84.
K. R. Dixon, in “Multinuclear NMR” edited by J. Mason (Plenum Press, New York, 1987) p. 369.
D. S. Milbrath and J. G. Verkade, Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 12 (1976) 921.
P. Layrolle and A. Lebugle, Chem.Mater. 8 (1996) 134.
R. A. Assink and B. D. Kay, Mater. Res. Symp. 180 (1990) 21.
J. Livage, P. Barboux, M. T. Vandenborre, C. Schmutz and F. Taulelle, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 147/148 (1992) 18.
C. S. Chai, K. A. Gross and B. Ben-Nissan, Biomaterials (1998) in press.
C. J. Brinker and G. W. Scherer, “Sol-Gel Science: Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing” (Academic Press, London, 1990).
S. W. Russell, K. A. Luptak, C. T. A. Suchicital, T. L. Alford and V. B. Pizziconi, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79 (1996) 837.
K. A. Gross, V. Gross and C. C. Berndt, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81 (1998) 106.
J. Weng, X. G. Liu, X. D. Li and X. D. Zhang, Biomaterials 16 (1995) 39.
J. L. Ong and L. C. Lucas, ibid. 15 (1994) 337.
C. M. Cottell, Appl. Surf. Sci. 69 (1992) 140.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gross, K.A., Chai, C.S., Kannangara, G.S.K. et al. Thin hydroxyapatite coatings via sol–gel synthesis. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 9, 839–843 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008948228880
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008948228880