Skip to main content
Log in

Solution properties and mesophase formation of 4‐phenyl‐benzoylcellulose

  • Published:
Cellulose Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cellulose samples were derivatized in dimethylacetamide/LiCl (DMAc/LiCl) to give 4‐phenyl‐benzoylcelluloses (PBCs). The process is quantitative and leads to an highly substituted product, as verified by elemental analysis, IR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. PBC samples were characterized by viscometric and light scattering measurements in DMAc. The persistance length q is used to evaluate the theoretical critical volume fraction for mesophase formation (v th, which has been found higher than the experimental critical one (v exp)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aden, M. A., Bianchi, E., Ciferri, A., Conio, G. and Tealdi, A. (1984) Mesophase formation and chain rigidity in cellulose and derivatives: 2. (Hydroxypropyl) cellulose in dichloroacetic acid Macromolecules 17, 2010-2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, P. R. (1977) Chitin solution, U.S. Patent 4,059,457.

  • Benoit, H. and Doty, P. (1953) Light scattering from non-Gaussian chains. J. Phys. Chem. 57, 958-963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhadani, S. N. and Gray, D. G. (1982) Liquid crystal formation from the benzoic acid ester of hydroxypropylcellulose. Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. 3, 449-455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, E., Ciferri, A., Conio, G., Cosani, A. and Terbojevich, M. (1985) Mesophase formation and chain rigidity in cellulose and derivatives: 4. Cellulose in N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride. Macromolecules 18, 646-650.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, E., Ciferri, A., Conio, G., Lanzavecchia, L. and Terbojevich, M. (1986) Mesophase formation and chain rigidity in cellulose and derivatives: 5. Cellulose acetate in N,N-dimethylacetamide. Macromolecules 19, 630-636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, E., Marsano, E., Ricco, L. and Conio, G. (1997) Derivatization of cellulose in homogeneous condition: 1. Cellulose propionate. Carbohydr. Polym. (in press).

  • Conio, G., Bianchi, E., Ciferri, A. and Tealdi, A. (1981) Composition and fractionation within conjugatded isotropic and anisotropic phases of lyotropic liquid crystals. Macromolecules 14, 1084-1087.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conio, G., Bianchi, E., Ciferri, A., Tealdi, A. and Aden, M. A. (1983) Mesophase formation and chain rigidity in cellulose and derivatives: 1. (Hydroxypropyl) cellulose in dimethylacetamide. Macromolecules 16, 1264-1270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davè, V. and Glasser, W. G. (1993) Cellulose-based fibers from liquid crystalline solutions: III. Processing and morphology of cellulose and cellulose hexonoate esters. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 48, 683-699.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davè, V., Frazier, C. E. and Glasser, W. G. (1993) Novel cellulose derivatives: I. Liquid crystal phase formation in tri-O-α-naphthylmethyl cellulose solutions. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 49, 1671-1678.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flory, P. J. (1956) Phase equilibria in solutions of rod-like particles. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 234, 73-89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flory, P. J. (1984) Molecular theory of liquid crystals. Adv. Polym. Sci. 59, 1-36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, D. G. (1983) Liquid crystalline cellulose derivatives. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.: Appl. Polym. Symp. 37, 179-192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huggins, M. L. (1942) The viscosity of dilute solutions of long-chain molecules: IV. Dependence on concentration. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 2716-2718.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamide, K. and Saito, M. (1987) Cellulose and cellulose derivatives: Recent advances in physical chemistry. Adv. Polym. Sci. 83, 1-56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kondo, T. and Gray, D. G. (1991) The preparation of O-methyl-and O-ethyl-cellulose having controlled distribution of substituents. Carbohydr. Res. 220, 173-183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwata, T., Azuma, J., Okamura, K., Muramoto, M. and Chun, B. (1994) Preparation and n.m.r. assignments of cellulose mixed esters regioselectively substituted by acetyl and propanoyl groups. Carbohydr. Res. 224, 277-283.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, C. L. and Dawsey, T. R. (1990) Preparation of cellulose derivatives via ring-opening reactions with cyclic reagents in lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide. Macromolecules 23, 3606-3610.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, J. H. (1994) Viscosity/DP relationships for cellulose dissolved in cuprammonium and cupriethylene diamine solvents. In The Chemistry and Processing of Wood and Plant Fibrous Materials (J. F. Kennedy, G. O. Phillips and P. A. Williams, eds). Cambridge, U.K.: Woodhead Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segal, L., Creely, J. J., Martin, A. E. and Conrad, C. H. (1959) An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the X-ray diffractometer. Text. Res. J. 29, 786-794.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terbojevich, M., Cosani, A., Conio, G., Ciferri, A. and Bianchi, E. (1985) Mesophase formation and chain rigidity in cellulose and derivatives: 3. Aggregation of cellulose in N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride. Macromolecules 18, 640-646.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terbojevich, M., Carraro, C., Cosani, A. and Marsano, E. (1988) Solution studies of the chitin-lithium chloride-N,N-dimethylacetamide. Carbohydr. Res. 180, 73-86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terbojevich, M., Cosani, A., Conio, G., Marsano, E, and Bianchi, E. (1991) Chitosan: Chain rigidity and mesophase formation. Carbohydr. Res. 209, 251-260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terbojevich, M., Cosani, A., Focher, B., Naggi, A. and Torri, G. (1992) Chitosans from Euphausia superba: 1. Solution properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 18, 35-42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terbojevich, M., Cosani, A., Camilot, M. and Focher, B. (1995) Solution studies of cellulose tricarbanilates obtained in homogeneous phase. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 55, 1663-1671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turbak, A. F., El-Kafrawy, A., Snyder, F. W. and Auerbach, A. B. (1981) Solvent system for cellulose. U.K. Pat. Appl. GB 2,005,107A.

  • Yamakawa, H. and Fujii, M. (1974) Intrinsic viscosity of wormlike chains: Determination of the shift factor. Macromolecules 7, 128-135.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Terbojevich, M., Cosani, A., Focher, B. et al. Solution properties and mesophase formation of 4‐phenyl‐benzoylcellulose. Cellulose 6, 71–87 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009271108212

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009271108212

Navigation