Abstract
Linalool, a monoterpene compound prevalent in essential oil of plant species traditionally used as sedatives, has been characterized as anticonvulsant in several experimental models. Linalool inhibits the binding of [3H]glutamate and [3H]dizocilpine to brain cortical membranes, indicating a participation of the glutamatergic transmission its mechanism of action. In this study, we investigated the effects of linalool on [3H]glutamate release (basal and potassium-stimulated) and [3H]glutamate uptake in mice cortical synaptosomes. Linalool significantly reduced potassium-stimulated glutamate release as well as glutamate uptake, not interfering with basal glutamate release. The data indicates that linalool may interfere with several relevant elements of the glutamatergic transmission, including detriment of the K+-stimulated glutamate release.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Elisabetsky, E., Souza, G. P. C., Santos, M. A. C., Siqueira, I. R., and Amador, T. A. 1995. Sedative properties of Linalool. Fitoterapia 15:407–414.
Barros, D. M. and Elisabetsky, E. 1996. Atividade anticonvulsivante do linalol em convulsões induzidas por picrotoxina e estricnina. Page 120, in: Annals of the XIV Simpósio de Plantas Medicinais do Brazil. Florianópolis, EDEME, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Elisabetsky, E., Silva Brum, L. F., and Souz, D. O. 1999. Anticonvulsant properties of linalool on glutamate related seizure models. Phytomedicine 6:113–119.
Silva Brum, L. F., Elisabetsky, E., and Souza, D. 2000. Effects of linalool on [3H]MK801 and [3H]Muscimol binding in mice cortex membranes. Phytother. Res. (in press).
Bradford, H. F. 1995. Glutamate, GABA and epilepsy. Prog. Neurobiol. 47:477–511.
Dinglendine, R., Hynes, M. A., and King, G. L. 1986. Involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in epileptiform bursting in the rat hippocampal slice. J. Physiol. 380:175–189.
Dinglendine, R., McBain, C. J., and McNamara, J. O. 1990. Excitatory amino acid receptors in epilepsy. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11:334–338.
Chapman, A. G. 1998. Glutamate receptors in epilepsy. Prog. Brain Res. 116:371–383.
Rogawski, M. A. 1992. The NMDA receptor, NMDA antagonists and epilepsy therapy: a status report. Drugs 44:279.
Dichter, M. A. 1997. Basic mechanisms of epilepsy: targets for therapeutic intervention. Epilepsia 38:S2–S6.
Lipton, S. A., Rosenberg, P. A. 1994. Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 330:613–622.
Nagy, A. and Delgado-Escueta, V. 1984. Rapid preparation of synaptosomes from mammalian brain using nontoxic isoosmotic gradient material (percoll). J. Neurochem. 43:1114–1123.
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., and Randall, R. J. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193:265–275.
Migues, P. V., Leal R. B., Mantovani, M., Nicolau, M., and Gabilan, N. H. 1999. Synaptosomal glutamate release induced by the fraction Bc2 from the venom of the sea anemone Bunodosoma caissarum. NeuroReport 10:67–70.
Dinglendine, R., McBain, C. J., and McNamara, J. O. 1991. Excitatory amino acid receptors in epilepsy therapy. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11:49–53.
Meldrum, B. S. 1992. Excitatory amino acids in epilepsy and potential novel therapies. Epilepsy Res. 12:189–196.
Meldrum, B. S. 1996. Update on the mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia 37:4–11.
Danbolt, N. C. 1994. The high affinity uptake system for excitatory amino acids in the brain. Prog. Neurobiol. 44:377–396.
Massieu, L., Morales-Villagrán, A., and Tapia, R. 1995. Accumulation of extracellular glutamate by inhibition of its uptake is not sufficient for inducing neuronal damage: as in vivo microdialysis study. J. Neurochem. 64:2262–2272.
Nicholls, D. and Attwell, D. 1990. The release and uptake of excitatory amino acids. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11:462–468.
Rothstein, J. D., Dykes-Hoberg, M., Pardo, C. A., Bristol, L. A., Jin, L., Kuncl, R. W., Kanai, Y., Hediger, M. A., Wang, Y., Schielke, J. P., and Welty, D. F. 1996. Knockout of glutamate transporters reveals a major role for astroglial transport in excitoxicity and clearance of glutamate. Neuron 16:675–686.
Leal, M. B., Emanuelli, T., Porciúncula, L. O., Souza, D. O., and Elisabetsky, E. 2001. Ibogaine alters synaptosomal and glial glutamate release and uptake. NeuroReport (in press).
Nichols, D. G. 1994. Proteins, Transmitter and Synapses. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Cambridge.
Szatkowski, M., Barbour, B. and Attwell, D. 1990. Non-vesicular release of glutamate from glial cells by reversed electrogenic glutamate uptake. Nature 348:443–446.
Löscher, W. 1998. New visions in the pharmacology of anticonvulsion. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 342:1–13.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Silva Brum, L.F., Emanuelli, T., Souza, D.O. et al. Effects of Linalool on Glutamate Release and Uptake in Mouse Cortical Synaptosomes. Neurochem Res 26, 191–194 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010904214482
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010904214482