Skip to main content
Log in

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Polymers and Copolymers: A Review

  • Published:
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This review describes the synthesis and properties of homopolymers and copolymers of monomers containing inorganic–organic hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) structures. Monomers, such as styryl-POSS, methacrylate-POSS, norbornyl-POSS, vinyl-POSS, epoxy-POSS, and siloxane-POSS, are included. Both monofunctional and multifunctional monomers are included. Thermoplastic and thermoset systems are considered. Thermal, rheological, and dynamic mechanical properties are described. The synthesis of POSS macromers (monomers) is briefly described. POSS chemicals have been used to prepare nanosized designed novel composites with a variety of potential applications. This review, covering 111 references, is descriptive and not designed to be totally comprehensive. However, the major existing reviews of certain subtopics are noted, allowing the reader to gain a general introduction while providing the information to permit more comprehensive coverage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. R. H. Baney, M. Itoh, A. Sakakibara, and T. Suzuki, Chem. Rev. 95, 1409 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  2. D. W. Scott, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68, 356 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. F. Brown, Jr., J. H. Vogt, Jr., A. Katchman, J. W. Eustance, K. W. Kiser, and K. W. Krantz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 6194 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  4. H. Adachi, E. Adachi, O. Hayashi, and K. Okahashi, Rep. Prog. Polym. Phys. Jpn. 28, 261 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  5. H. Hata and S. Komasaki, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-59-108033 (1984).

  6. X. Zhang and L. Shi, Chin. J. Polym. Sci. 5, 197 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. Z. Li, M. L. Ye, and L. H. Shi, Chin. J. Polym. Sci. 12(4), 331 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  8. G. Z. Li, M. L. Ye, and L. H. Shi, Chin. J. Polym. Sci. 14(1), 41 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. Z. Li, T. Yamamoto, K. Nozaki, and M. Hikosaka, Polymer 41(8), 2827 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  10. G. Z. Li, T. Yamamoto, K. Nozaki, and M. Hikosaka, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 201, 1283 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. F. Brown, Jr., J. Polym. Sci. C 1, 83 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  12. X. Zhang, L. Shi, S. Li, and Y. Lin, Polym. Degrd. Stabil. 20, 157 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  13. T. Suminoe, Y. Matsumura, and O. Tomomitsu, Japanese Patent Kokoku-S-60-17214 (1985).

  14. Y. Matsumura, I. Nozue, O. Tomomitsu, T. Ukachi, and T. Suminoe, U.S. Patent 4399266 (1983).

  15. S. Fukuyama, Y. Yoneda, M. Miyagawa, K. Nishii, and A. Matsuura, European Patent 0406911A1 (1985).

  16. Z. Xie, Z. He, D. Dai, and R. Zhang, Chin. J. Polym. Sci. 7(2), 183 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  17. G. E. Maciel, M. J. Sullivan, and D. W. Sindorf, Macromolecules 14, 1607 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  18. G. Engelhavdt, H. Jancke, E. Lippmaa, and A. Samoson, J. Organomet. Chem. 210, 295 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  19. H. Adachi, E. Adachi, O. Hayashi, and K. Okahashi, Rep. Prog. Polym. Phys. Jpn. 29, 257 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  20. C. L. Frye and W. T. Collins, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 5586 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  21. V. Belot, R. Corriu, D. Leclerq, P. H. Mutin, and A. Vioux, Chem. Mater. 3, 127 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. S. Gozdz, Polym. Adv. Technol. 5, 70 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Y. Yoneda, T. Kitamura, J. Naito, and T. Kitakohji, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-57-168246 (dy1982).

  24. Y. Yoneda, S. Takeda, T. Kitamura, M. Nakajina and T. Kitakohiji, Japanese patent Kokai-S-57-168247 (1982).

  25. S. Uchimura, M. Sato, and D. Makino, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-58-96654 (1983).

  26. H. Adachi, O. Hayashi, and K. Okahashi, Japanese Patent Kokoku-H-2-15863 (1990).

  27. H. Adachi, O. Hayashi, and K. Okahashi, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-60-108841 (1985).

  28. H. Adachi, E. Adachi, O. Hayashi, and K. Okahashi, Japanese Patent Kokoku-H-4-56975 (1992).

  29. H. Adachi, E. Adachi, Y. Aiba, and O. Hayashi, Japanese Patent Kokai-H-2-222537 (1990); U.S. Patent 5087553 (1990).

  30. F. Shoji, K. Takemoto, R. Sudo, and T. Watanabe, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-55-111148 (1980).

  31. E. Adachi, Y.Aiba, and H. Adachi, Japanese Patent Kokai-H-2-277255 (1990).

  32. Y. Aiba, E. Adachi, and H. Adachi, Japanese Patent Kokai-H-3-6845 (1991).

  33. E. Adachi, H. Adachi, O. Hayashi, and K. Okahashi, Japanese Patent Kokai-H-1-185924 (1989).

  34. Y. Hayashide, A. Ishii, H. Adachi, and E. Adachi, Japanese Patent Kokai-H-5-102315 (1993).

  35. E.Adachi, H. Adachi, H. Kanegae, and H. Mochizuki, German Patent 4202290 (1992).

  36. F. Shoji, R. Sudo, and T. Watanabe, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-56-146120 (1981).

  37. K. Azuma, Y. Shindo, and S. Ishimura, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-57-56820 (1982).

  38. E. Imai and H. Takeno, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-59-129939 (1984).

  39. M. Yanagisawa, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-62-89228 (1987).

  40. T. Mishima and H. Nishimoto, Japanese Patent Kokai-H-4-247406 (1992).

  41. T. Mishima and H. Nishimoto, Japanese Patent Kokai-H-4-271306 (1992).

  42. Y. Saito, M. Tsuchiya, and Y. Itoh, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-58-14928 (1983).

  43. Y. Mi and S. A. Stern, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 29, 389 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  44. T. Mine and S. Komasaki, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-60-210570 (1985).

  45. T. Mine and S. Komasaki, Japanese Patent Kokai-S-60-210569 (1985).

  46. M. Tsutsui and S. Kato, Japanese Patent Kokoku-S-63-20210 (1988).

  47. J. D. Lichtenhan, J. J. Schwab, F. J. Feher, and D. Soulivong, U.S. Patent 5942638 (1999).

  48. J. D. Lichtenhan, J. J. Schwab, and W. A. Reinerth, Sr., Chem. Innovat. 1, 3 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  49. J. D. Lichtenhan, Comments Inorg. Chem. 17, 115 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  50. A. Voigt, Orgametallics 15, 5097 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  51. F. J. Feher and K. J. Weller, Inorg. Chem. 30, 880 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  52. M. W. Ellsworth and D. L. Gin, Polym. News 24, 331 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  53. T. S. Haddad, R. Stapleton, H. G. Jeon, P. T. Mather, J. D. Lichtenhan, and S. Phillips, Polym. Prepr. 40(1), 496 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  54. M. G. Voronkov and V. I. Lavrent'yev, Topics Curr. Chem. 102, 199 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  55. F. J. Feher, R. Terroba, R. Jin, K. O. Wyndham, S. Lucke, R. Brutchey, and F. Nguyen, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 82, 301 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  56. C. L. Frye and W. T. Collins, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 5586 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  57. M. M. Sprung and F. O. Guenther, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 3990 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  58. M. M. Sprung and F. O. Guenther, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 3996 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  59. J. F. Brown, Jr., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 87, 4317 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  60. F. J. Fesh, D. A. Newman, and J. F. Walzer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 1741 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  61. J. D. Lichtenhan, N. Q. Vu, J. A. Carter, J. W. Gilman, and F. J. Feher, Macromolecules 26, 2141 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  62. T. S. Haddad, H. W. Oviatt, J. J. Schwab, P. T. Mather, K. P. Chaffee, and J. D. Lichtenhan, Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem. 39, 611 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  63. J. D. Lichtenhan, Y. A. Otonari, and M. J. Carr, Macromolecules 28, 8435 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  64. J. W. Gilman, D. S. Schlitzer, and J. D. Lichtenhan, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 60, 591 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  65. J. D. Lichtenhan, in Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia, J. C. Salamone, ed. (CRC Press, New York, 1996), Vol. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  66. F. J. Feher and K. J. Weller, Organometallics 9, 2638 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  67. R. Muller, R. Khole, and S. Sliwinski, J. Pract. Chem. 9, 71 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  68. A. J. Barry, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 4248 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  69. M. M. Sprung and F. O. Guenther, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 6045 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  70. L. H. Vogt and J. F. Brown, Inorg. Chem. 2, 189 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  71. M. G. Voronkov, V. I. Lavrent'yev, and V. M. Kovrigin, J. Organomet. Chem. 220, 285 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  72. J. F. Brown and L. H. Vogt, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 87, 4313 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  73. M. G. Voronkov, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 49, 1522 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  74. M. M. Sprung and F. O. Guenther, J. Polym. Sci. 28 (116), 17 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  75. J. F. Brown, L. H. Vogt, and P. I. Prescott, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86, 1120 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  76. J. F. Brown, J. Polym. Sci. 1C, 83 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  77. C. Zhang and R. M. Laine, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 6979 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  78. A. Sellinger and R. M. Laine, Macromolecules 29, 2327 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  79. A. Sellinger and R. M. Laine, Chem. Mater. 8(8), 1592 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  80. I. Hasegawa, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 1, 57 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  81. I. Hasegawa and D. Motojima, J. Organomt. Chem. 441, 373 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  82. D. P. Fasce, R. J. J. Williams, F. Mechin, J. P. Pascault, M. F. Llauro, and R. Petiaud, Macromolecules 32, 4757 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  83. T. S. Haddad and J. D. Lichtenhan, Macromolecules 29(22), 7302 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  84. A. Romo-Uribe, P. T. Mather, T. S. Haddad, and J. D. Lichtenhan, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36, 1857 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  85. J. Pyun and K. Matyjaszewski, Macromolecules 33, 217 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  86. P. T. Mather, H. G. Jeon, and A. Romo-Uribe, Macromolecules 32(4), 1194 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  87. B. K. Bharadwaj, R. J. Berry, and B. L. Farmer, Polymer 41, 7209 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  88. H. G. Jeon, P. T. Mather, and T. S. Haddad, Polym. Int. 49(5), 453 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  89. A. Tsuchida, C. Bolln, F. G. Sernetz, H. Frey, and R. Mulhaupt, Macromolecules 30(10), 2818 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  90. C. Zhang, F. Babonneau, C. Bonhomme, R. M. Laine, C. L. Soles, Hristo, and A. F. Yee, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 8380 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  91. A. Lee and J. D. Lichtenhan, Macromolecules 31, 4970 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  92. A. Lee, J. D. Lichtenhan, and W. A. Reinerth, Sr., Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 82, 235 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  93. R. A. Mantz, P. F. Jones, K. P. Chaffee, J. D. Lichtenhan, J. W. Gilman, I. M. K. Ismail, and M. J. Burmeister, Chem. Mater. 8, 1250 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  94. J. J. Schwab, J. D. Lichtenhan, M. J. Carr, K. P. Chaffee, P. T. Mather, and A. Romo-Uribe, PMSE Preprint 77, 549 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  95. B. X. Fu, B. S. Hsiao, S. Pagola, and P. Stephens, Polymer 42, 599 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  96. C. U. Pittman, Jr., L. Wang, H. Ni, and G. Li, presented at the AFOSP Polymer Matrix Composites Contractor's Review Meeting, May 11-12, Long Beach, CA (2001); G. Z. Li, L. Wang, H. Toghiani, T. L. Daulton, K. Koyama, and C. U. Pittman, Jr., Macromolecules 35(25), 8686 (2001); G. Z. Li, L. Wang, H. Toghiani, T. L. Daulton, and C. U. Pittman, Jr., submitted for publication.

  97. B. Hong, T. P. S. Thoms, H. J. Murfee, and M. J. Lebrum, Inorg. Chem. 36(27), 6146 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  98. H. J. Murfee, T. P. S. Thoms, J. Greaves, and B. Hong, Inorg. Chem. 39(23), 5209 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  99. F. J. Feher, T. A. Budzichowski, and J. W. Ziller, Inorg. Chem. 36(18), 4082 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  100. F. T. Edelmann, Y. K. Gun'ko, S. Giessmann, F. Olbrich, and K. Jacob, Inorg. Chem. 38(2), 210 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  101. L. Ukrainczyk, R. A. Bellman, and A. B. Anderson, J. Phys. Chem. B 101(4), 531 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  102. J. Annand, H. C. Aspinall, and A. Steiner, Inorg. Chem. 38(17), 3941 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  103. R. Duchateau, H. C. L. Abbenhuis, R. A. Van Santen, A. Meetsma, S. K. H. Thiele, and M. F. H. Van Tol, Organometallics 17(26), 5663 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  104. R. Duchateau, H. C. L. Abbenhuis, R. A. Van Santen, A. Meetsma, S. K. H. Thiele, and M. F. H. Van Tol, Organometallics 17(24), 5222 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  105. R. Duchateau, U. Cremer, R. J. Harmsen, S. I. Mohamud, H. C. L. Abbenhuis, R. A. Van Santen, A. Meetsma, S. K. H. Thiele, M. F. H. Van Tol, and M. Kranenburg, Organometallics 18(26), 5447 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  106. V. Lorenz, A. Fischer, S. Gießmann, J. W. Gilje, Y. Gun'ko, K. Jacob, and F. T. Edelmann, Coord. Chem. Rev. 206-207, 321 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  107. R. Murugavel, A. Voigt, M. G. Walawalkar, and H. W. Roesky, Chem. Rev. 96, 2205 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  108. R. M. Laine, R. Tamaki, J. Choi, C. Brick, and S.-G. Kim, ACS Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials Workshop, Sonoma, CA (Nov. 2001); R. Tamaki, Y. Tanaka, and R. M. Laine, submitted for publication.

  109. K. Olsson and C. Gronwall, Arkiv. Kemi. 17, 529 (1961); K. Olsson and C. Axen, Arkiv. Kemi. 22, 237 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  110. R. Tamaki and R. M. Laine, submitted for publication.

  111. A special issue of Chem. Rev. [98(8), 1998] is devoted to polyoxymetalate chemistry.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charles U. Pittman Jr..

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Li, G., Wang, L., Ni, H. et al. Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Polymers and Copolymers: A Review. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers 11, 123–154 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015287910502

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015287910502

Navigation