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A study of Sn-Bi-Ag-(In) lead-free solders

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Abstract

Sn-Bi-Ag-(In) solder alloys have been extensively studied in the study. The experimental results reveals that the liquidus temperatures of Sn-(1–5) Bi-(2–3.5)Ag-(0–10)In solders are between 201.7 and 225.3°C, which were higher than that of the most popular eutectic Pb-Sn solder (183°C). Additions of (5–10) wt% In into Sn-Bi-Ag solders can effectively decrease the melting point of the solder alloy. However, the gap between T s and T L temperatures increases with the additions of Bi and In into Sn-Bi-Ag-(In) solders. Although there is no flux applied during soldering, most Sn-Bi-Ag-(In) solder alloys can well bond the Au/Ni metallized copper substrate. 94Sn-3Bi-3Ag solder demonstrates the lowest wetting angle of 45° among all test samples. Thermal expansion coefficients of both 94Sn-3Bi-3Ag and 90Sn-2Bi-3Ag-5In solders are slightly less than that of 63Sn-37Pb. Both 90Sn-2Bi-3Ag-5In/substrate and 94Sn-3Bi-3Ag/substrate interfaces demonstrate similar reaction kinetics in the experiment. The stability of the interface is greatly impaired during 90°C aging. Some locations of the electroless Ni layer break down, and new phases are formed nearby the interface during aging treatment. Initially, the growth of Ni-rich (Ni,Cu)3Sn4 phase dominates the interfacial reaction. However, the growth of Cu-rich (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 phase will dominate the reaction layer for specimens aged at 90°C for long time periods.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan, R.O.C.

    Ren-Kae Shiue, Chun-Lun Lin & Jia-Lin Ou

  2. Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan, R.O.C

    Leu-Wen Tsay

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  1. Ren-Kae Shiue
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  2. Leu-Wen Tsay
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  3. Chun-Lun Lin
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  4. Jia-Lin Ou
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Correspondence to Ren-Kae Shiue.

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Shiue, RK., Tsay, LW., Lin, CL. et al. A study of Sn-Bi-Ag-(In) lead-free solders. Journal of Materials Science 38, 1269–1279 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022822127193

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