Abstract
The Bovidae X-chromosome shows a considerable variation, in contrast to the preservative autosomal conservatism. The X-chromosome variation is mostly a consequence of the constitutive heterochromatin (CH) variation; in what respect to its amount and position. This is especially common among the non-Bovinae subfamilies and tribes. In order to characterize the X-chromosome CH in non-Bovinae species – Hippotragini and Caprini tribes – we have used restriction endonuclease digestion on fixed chromosomes and sequential C-banding. With these techniques we were able to distinguish between the two X-chromosome types (Hippotragini and Caprini) CH, in what respect to its position and molecular nature. Moreover, we define at least, six subclasses of CH in both X-chromosome types analyzed. Evolutionary considerations were draw based on the results obtained. The technology used here for the analysis of the Bovidae X-chromosome CH showed to be more evolutionary informative than the classical approaches.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Babu, A., 1988. Heterogeneity of heterochromatin of human chromosomes as demonstrated by restriction endonuclease treatment, pp. 250–275 in Heterochromatin: Molecular and Structural Aspects, edited by R.S. Verma. Cambridge University Press, United States of America.
Buckland, R.A. & H.J. Evans, 1978a. Cytogenetic aspects of phylogeny in the Bovidae I. G-banding. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 21: 42–63.
Buckland, R.A. & H.J. Evans, 1978b. Cytogenetic aspects of phylogeny in the Bovidae II. C-banding. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 21: 64–71.
Chaves, R., F. Adega, S. Santos, J.S. Heslop-Harrison & H. Guedes-Pinto, 2002. In situ hybridization and chromosome banding in mammalian species. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 96: 113–116.
Chaves, R., H. Guedes-Pinto, J.S. Heslop-Harrison & T.Schwarzacher, 2000. The species and chromosomal distribution of the centromeric a-satellite I sequence from sheep in the tribe Caprini and other Bovidae. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 91: 62–66.
Claro, F., H. Hayes & E.P. Cribiu, 1996. The karyotype of addax and its comparison with karyotypes of other species of Hippotraginae antelopes. Hereditas 124: 223–227.
Effron, M., M.H. Bogart, A.T. Kumamoto & K. Benirschke, 1976. Chromosome studies in the mammalian subfamily Antilopinae. Genetica 46: 419–444.
Fernández-Garcia, J.L., M. Martínez-Trancón, A. Rabasco & J.A. Padilla, 1998. Characterization of the heterochromatic chromosome regions in sheep. Genes Genet. Syst. 73: 45–50.
Gallagher, D.S., S.K. Davis, M. De Donato, J.D. Burzlaff, J.E. Womack, J.F. Taylor & A.T. Kumamoto, 1999. A molecular cytogenetic analysis of the tribe Bovini (Artiodactyla: Bovidae: Bovinae) with an emphasis on sex chromosome morphology and NOR distribution. Chromosome Res. 7: 481–492.
Gallagher, D.S., J.N. Derr & J.E. Womack, 1994. Chromosome conservation among the advanced pecorans and determination of the primitive bovid karyotype. J. Hered. 85: 204–210.
Gallagher, D.S. & J.E. Womack, 1992. Chromosome conservation in the Bovidae. J. Hered. 82: 287–298.
Gentry, A.W., 1992. The subfamilies and tribes of the family Bovidae. Mammal Rev. 22: 1–32.
Gosálvez, J., C. López-Fernández, V. Goyanes & R. Mezzanotte, 1997. Chromosome differentiation using nucleases: an overview, pp. 23–49 in Chromosomes Today, Vol. 12, edited by N. Henriques-Gil, J.S. Parker & M.J. Puertas.Chapman & Hall, London.
Gosálvez, J., R. Mezzanotte, C. López-Fernández, P. De Castillo, J.C. Stockert, V. Goyanes & A.T. Sumner, 1991. Selective digestion of mouse chromosomes with restriction endonucleases. II. X-ray microanalysis of Hae III-treated chromosomes. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 56: 82–86.
Hayes, H., E. Petit & B. Dutrillaux, 1991. Comparison of the RGB-banded karyotypes of cattle, sheep and goats. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 57: 51–55.
Hidas, A. 1992. Heterochromatin heterogeneity revealed by restriction endonuclease digestion and subsequent C-banding on bovine metaphase chromosomes. Hereditas 122: 285–289.
Iannuzzi, L., G.P. Di Meo, A. Perucatti, D. Incarnato, L. Schibler & E.P. Cribiu, 2000. Comparative FISH mapping of bovid X-chromosomes reveals homologies and divergences between the subfamilies Bovinae and Caprinae. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 89: 171–176.
ISCNDB, 2000. International System for Chromosome Nomenclature of Domestic Bovids, Di Berardino D, Di Meo GP, Gallagher DS, Hayes H, Iannuzzi L (coordinator) (eds). Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 92: 283–299 (2001).
John, B., 1988. The biology of heterochromatin, pp 1–147 in Heterochromatin: molecular and Structural Aspects, edited by R.S. Verma. Cambridge University Press, United States of America.
Kaftanovskaya, H.M. & O.L. Serov, 1994. High-resolution GTG-banded chromosomes of cattle, sheep, and goat: a comparative study. J. Hered. 85: 395–400.
Kumamoto, A.T., S.J. Charter, S.C. Kingswood, O.A. Ryder & D.S. Gallagher, 1999. Centric fusion differences among Oryx dammah, O. gazelle, and O. leucoryx (Artiodactyla, Bovidae). Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 86: 74–80.
Nieddu, M., R. Rossino, G. Pichiri, M. Rocchi, M.D. Setzu & R. Mezzanotte, 1999. The efficiency of in situ hybridization on human chromosomes with alphoid DNAs is enhanced by previous digestion with AluI and TaqI. Chromosome Res. 7: 593–602.
Peacock, W.J., E.S. Dennis & W.L. Gerlach, 1982. DNA sequence changes and speciation, pp. 123–142 in Mechanisms of Speciation, edited by C. Barigozzi. Alan R. Liss, New York.
Pieczarka, J.C., C.Y. Nagamachi, J.A.P.C. Muniz, R.M.S. Barros & M.S. Mattevi, 1998. Analysis of constitutive heterochromatin of Aotus (Cebidae, Primates) by restriction enzyme and fluorochrome bands. Chromosome Res. 6: 77–83.
Piumi, F., L. Schibler, D. Vaiman, A. Oustry & E.P. Cribiu, 1998. Comparative cytogenetic mapping reveals chromosome rearrangements between the X-chromosomes of two closely related mammalian species (cattle and goats). Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 81: 36–41.
Robinson, T.J., W.R. Harrison, A. Ponce de León, S.K. Davis & F.F.B. Elder, 1998. A molecular cytogenetic analysis of X-chromosome repatterning in the Bovidae: transpositions, inversions, and phylogenetic inference. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 80: 179–184.
Robinson, T.J., W.R. Harrison, A. Ponce de León & F.F.B. Elder, 1997.X-chromosome evolution in the suni and eland antelope: detection of homologous regions by fluorescence in situ hybridization and G-banding. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 77: 218–222.
Sumner, A.T., 1972. A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Exp. Cell Res. 75: 304–306.
Verma, R.S. & A. Babu, 1995. Human Chromosomes: Principles and Techniques. McGraw Hill, New York.
Vrba, E.S., 1985. African Bovidae: evolutionary events since the Miocene. S. Afr. J. Sci. 81: 263–266.
Wurster, D.H. & K. Benirschke, 1968. Chromosome studies in the superfamily Bovidae. Chromosoma 25: 152–171.
Yunis, J.J. & W.G. Yasmineh, 1971. Heterochromatin, satellite DNA and cell function. Science 174: 1200–1209.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chaves, R., Santos, S. & Guedes-Pinto, H. Comparative Analysis (Hippotragini versus Caprini, Bovidae) of X-Chromosome's Constitutive Heterochromatin by in situ Restriction Endonuclease Digestion: X-Chromosome Constitutive Heterochromatin Evolution. Genetica 121, 315–325 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GENE.0000039859.33467.46
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GENE.0000039859.33467.46