Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The State of the Art of Nurse Rostering

  • Published:
Journal of Scheduling Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nurse rostering is a complex scheduling problem that affects hospital personnel on a daily basis all over the world. The need for quality software solutions is acute for a number of reasons. In particular, it is very important to efficiently utilise time and effort, to evenly balance the workload among people and to attempt to satisfy personnel preferences. A high quality roster can lead to a more contented and thus more effective workforce.

In this review, we discuss nurse rostering within the global personnel scheduling problem in healthcare. We begin by briefly discussing the review and overview papers that have appeared in the literature and by noting the role that nurse rostering plays within the wider context of longer term hospital personnel planning. The main body of the paper describes and critically evaluates solution approaches which span the interdisciplinary spectrum from operations research techniques to artificial intelligence methods. We conclude by drawing on the strengths and weaknesses of the literature to outline the key issues that need addressing in future nurse rostering research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Aarts, E. and J. K. Lenstra, Local Search in Combinatorial Optimization, Wiley, ISBN 0-471-94822-5, 1997.

  • Abernathy, W. J., N. Baloff, J. C. Hershey, and S. Wandel,"A three-stage manpower planning and scheduling model-A service-sector example,"Operations Research, 22, 693-711 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdennadher, S. and H. Schlenker,"INTERDIP-An interactive constraint based nurse scheduler,"in Proceedings, Practical Applications Constraint Technology and Logic Programming, 1999a.

  • Abdennadher, S. and H. Schlenker,"Nurse scheduling using constraint logic programming,"in Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Innovative Applications of Arti cial Intelligence, Menlo Park, California, AAAIPress, 1999b, pp. 838-843.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aickelin, U. and K. Dowsland,"An indirect genetic algorithm for a nurse scheduling problem,"Computers and Operations Research, 31 (5), 761-778 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aickelin, U. and K. Dowsland,"Exploiting problem structure in a genetic algorithm approach to a nurse rostering problem," Journal of Scheduling, 3 (3), 139-153 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aickelin, U. and P. White,"Building better nurse scheduling algorithms,"Annals of Operations Research, 128, 159-177 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Akerstedt, T.,"Adjustment of physiological circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycle to shiftwork,"in S. Folkard and T. H. Monk (eds. ), Hours of Work: Temporal Factors in Work-Scheduling, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 1985, pp. 185-198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alfares, H. K.,"Days-off employee scheduling over a three-week work cycle,"in E. K. Burke and W. Erben (eds. ), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, ISBN 3-00-003866-3, 2000, pp. 251-258.

  • Alfares, H. K.,"Four-day workweek scheduling with two or three consecutive days off,"Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms, 2, 67-80 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anzai, M. and Y. Miura,"Computer program for quick work scheduling of nursing staff,"Medical Informatics, 12, 43-52 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, J. and A. Ravindran,"A multiple objective nurse scheduling model,"AIIE Transactions, 13 (1), 55-60 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, J. and J. Field,"Personnel scheduling with. exshift models,"Journal of Operations Management, 5, 327-338 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, K.,"Scheduling a full-time workforce to meet cyclic staf ng requirements,"Management Science, 20 (12), 1561-1568 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechtold, S. E., M. J. Brusco, and M. J. Showalter,"A comparative evaluation of labor tour scheduling methods,"Decision Sciences, 22, 683-699 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechtold, S. E. and L. W. Jacobs,"Implicit modeling of. exible break assignments in optimal shift scheduling,"Management Science, 36, 1339-1351 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechtold, S. E. and M. J. Showalter,"Amethodology for labor scheduling in a service operation system,"Decision Sciences, 18, 89-107 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, P. C., G. Hay, and Y. Liang,"A visual interactive decision support system for workforce (Nurse)scheduling,"Information Systems and Operational Research, 24 (2), 133-144 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellanti, F., G. Carello, F. Della Croce, and R. Tadei,"A greedy-based neighborhood search approach to a nurse rostering problem,"European Journal of Operational Research, 153 (1), 28-40 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Berrada, I., J. Ferland, and P. Michelon,"A multi-objective approach to nurse scheduling with both hard and soft constraints,"Socio-Economic Planning Science, 30, 183-193 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blau, R.,"Multishift personnel scheduling with a microcomputer,"Personnel Administrator, 20 (7), 43-58 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blau, R. and A. Sear,"Nurse scheduling with a microcomputer,"Journal of Ambulance Care Management, 1-13 (1983).

  • Bradley, D. and J. Martin,"Continuous personnel scheduling algorithms: A literature review,"Journal of the Society of Health Systems, 2, 8-23 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brusco, M. J. and L. W. Jacobs,"Cost analysis of alternative formulations for personnel scheduling in continuously operating organisations,"European Journal of Operational Research, 86, 249-261 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brusco, M. J., L. W. Jacobs, R. J. Bongiorno, D. V. Lyons, and B. Tang,"Improving personnel scheduling at airline stations," Operations Research, 43 (5), 741-751 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, E. K., Y. Bykov, J. P. Newall, and S. Petrovic,"A time-prede ned local search approach to exam timetabling problems,"IIE Transactions on Operations Engineering, 36, 1-19 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, E. K., Y. Bykov, and S. Petrovic,"A multicriteria approach to examination timetabling,"in E. K. Burke and W. Erben (eds. ), Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, Third International Conference, Konstanz, Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2079, 2001, pp. 118-131.

  • Burke, E. K., P. Cowling, P. De Causmaecker, and G. Vanden Berghe,"Amemetic approach to the nurse rostering problem," Applied Intelligence, 15 (3), 199-214 (2001a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, E. K., P. De Causmaecker, S. Petrovic, and G. Vanden Berghe,"A multi criteria metaheuristic approach to Nurse rostering,"in Proceedings of Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC2002, Honolulu, IEEE Press, 2002, pp. 1197-1202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, E. K., P. De Causmaecker, S. Petrovic, and G. Vanden Berghe,"Fitness evaluation for Nurse scheduling problems," in Proceedings of Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC2001, Seoul, IEEE Press, 2001b, pp. 1139-1146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, E. K., P. De Causmaecker, S. Petrovic, and G. Vanden Berghe,"Metaheuristics for handling time internal coverage constraints in nurse scheduling,"Working paper KaHo Sint-Lieven, 2001c.

  • Burke, E. K., P. De Causmaecker, S. Petrovic, and G. Vanden Berghe,"Variable neighbourhood search for Nurse rostering problems,"in Mauricio G. C. Resende and Jorge Pinho de Sousa (eds. ), Metaheuristics: Computer Decision-Making Chapter 7, 2003, Kluwer, pp. 153-172.

  • Burke, E. K., P. De Causmaecker, and G. Vanden Berghe,"Ahybrid tabu search algorithm for the Nurse rostering problem," in B. McKay et al. (eds. ), Simulated Evolution and Learning, Springer, Lecture Notes in Arti cial Intelligence, vol. 1585, Springer, 1999, pp. 187-194.

  • Burke, E. K., P. De Causmaecker, and G. Vanden Berghe,"Novel metaheuristic approaches to Nurse rostering problems in Belgian hospitals,"in J. Leung (ed. ), Handbook of Scheduling: Algorithms, Models and Performance Analysis, Chapter 44, CRC Press, 2004, pp. 44. 1-44. 18.

  • Burke, E. K. and J. P. Newall,"A multi-stage evolutionary algorithm for the timetabling problem,"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 3 (1), 64-73 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, R. N.,"Manpower scheduling with variable demands and alternate weekends off,"INFOR, 16 (2), 101-111 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, R. N. and G. J. Koop,"A modular approach to optimal multiple-shift manpower scheduling,"Operations Research, 35 (1), 100-110 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, M. W.,"A decomposition algorithm for practical timetabling problems,"Dept. Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Working Paper 83-06, April 1983.

  • Chan, P. and G. Weil,"Cyclical staff scheduling using constraint logic programming,"in E. K. Burke and W. Erben (eds. ), Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, Third International Conference, Konstanz, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2079, 2001, pp. 159-175.

  • Cheang, B., H. Li, A. Lim, and B. Rodrigues,"Nurse rostering problems-a bibiographic survey,"European Journal of Operational Research, 151, 447-460 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J.-G. and T. Yeung,"Development of a hybrid expert system for Nurse shift scheduling,"Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 9 (4), 315-328 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J.-G. and T. Yeung,"Hybrid expert system approach to Nurse scheduling,"Computers in Nursing, 183-192 (1993).

  • Cheng, B. M. W., J. H. M. Lee, and J. C. K. Wu,"A constraint-based Nurse rostering system using a redundant mod-elling approach,"in IEEE Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Tools with Arti cial Intelligence (TAI96) Toulouse, 1996, pp. 140-148.

  • Cheng, B. M. W., J. H. M. Lee, and J. C. K. Wu,"A nurse rostering system using constraint programming and redundant modeling,"IEEE Transactions in Information Technology in Biomedicine, 1 (1), 44-54 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiarandini, M., A. Schaerf, and F. Tiozzo,"Solving employee timetabling problems with. exible workload using Tabu search,"in E. K. Burke and W. Erben (eds. ), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, ISBN 3-00-003866-3, 2000, pp. 298-302.

  • Darmoni, S. J., A. Fajner, N. Mahe, A. Leforestier, O. Stelian, M. Vondracek, and M. Baldenweck,"Horoplan: Comput-erassisted nurse scheduling using constraint based programming,"Journal of the Society for Health Systems, 5, 41-54 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • De Causmaecker, P. and G. Vanden Berghe,"Relaxation of coverage constraints in hospital personnel rostering,"in E. K. Burke and P. De Causmaecker (eds. ), Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, Fourth International Conference, Gent, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2740, 2003, pp. 129-147.

  • Decker, K. and J. Li,"Coordinated hospital patient scheduling,"in Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS98), Paris, 1998, pp. 104-111.

  • de Vries, G.,"Nursing workload measurement as management information,"European Journal of Operational Research, 29, 199-208 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowsland, K.,"Nurse scheduling with Tabu search and strategic oscillation,"European Journal of Operations Research, 106, 393-407 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowsland, K. A. and J. M. Thompson,"Solving a nurse scheduling problem with knapsacks, networks and tabu search," Journal of the Operational Research Society, 51, 825-833 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Draeger, M.,"An emergency department simulation model used to evaluate alternative Nurse staf ng and patient pop-ulation scenarios,"in J. J. Swain, D. Goldsman, R. C. Crain, and J. R. Wilson (eds. ), Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings, IEEE, Arlington, VA., 1992, pp.1057-1064.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easton, F. and N. Mansour,"A distributed genetic algorithm for employee staf ng and scheduling problems,"in International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, San Mateo, 1993, pp. 360-367.

  • Easton, F., D. Rossin, and W. Borders,"Analysis of alternative scheduling policies for hospital Nurses,"Production and Operations Management, 1 (2), 159-174 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • Easton, F. and D. Rossin,"Suf cient working subsets for the tour scheduling problem,"Management Science, 37, 1441-1451 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernst, A. T., H. Jiang, M. Krishnamoorthy, and D. Sier,"Staff scheduling and rostering: A review of applications, methods and models,"European Journal of Operational Research, 153 (1), 3-27 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Franz, L. S., H. M. Baker, G. K. Leong, and T. R. Rakes,"Mathematical model for scheduling and staf ng multiclinic health regions,"European Journal of Operational Research, 41 (3), 277-289 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fries, B.,"Bibliography of operations research in health-care systems,"Operations Research, 24, 801-804 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, E.,"Tackling scheduling problems using integer programming,"Master Thesis, University of Wales Swansea, 1998.

  • Gillies, D. A., Nursing Management-A Systems Approach, Philadelphia, US America: W. B. Saunders, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. J., D. McIntire, and H. J. Doller,"Preferences for speci c work schedules: Foundation for an expert-system scheduling program,"Computers in Nursing, 11 (3), 115-121 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, J. P.,"Cyclical scheduling of nursing personnel,"Hospitals, 40, 77-85 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung, R.,"A cyclical schedule of 10-hour, four-day workweeks,"Nursing Management, 22 (5), 30-33 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung, R.,"Improving productivity and quality through workforce scheduling,"Industrial Management, 34 (6), 4-6 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung, R.,"Hospital Nurse scheduling,"Journal of Nursing Administration, 25 (7/8), 21-23 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikegami, A. and A. Niwa,"A subproblem-centric model and approach to the Nurse scheduling problem,"Mathematical Programming, 97 (3), 517-541 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • Isken, M.,"An implicit tour scheduling model with applications in healthcare,"Annals of Operations Research, 128, 91-109 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Isken, M. W. and M. W. Hancock,"Tactical scheduling analysis for hospital ancillary units,"Journal of the Society for Health Systems, 5 (4), 11-24 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Isken, M. W. and W. Hancock,"A heuristic approach to Nurse scheduling in hospital units with non-stationary, urgent demand, and a xed staff size,"Journal of the Society for Health Systems, 2 (2), 24-41 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jan, A., M. Yamamoto, and A. Ohuchi,"Evolutionary algorithms for Nurse scheduling problem,"in Proceedings of the 2000 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC00, San Diego, ISBN 0-7803-6375-2, 2000, pp. 196-203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaszkiewicz, A.,"Ametaheuristic approach to multiple objective nurse scheduling,"Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences, 22 (3), 169-184 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaumard, B., F. Semet, and T. Vovor,"A generalized linear programming model for nurse scheduling,"European Journal of Operational Research, 107, 1-18 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jelinek, R. and J. Kavois,"Nurse staf ng and scheduling: Past solutions and future directions,"Journal of the Society for Health Systems, 3 (4), 75-82 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawanaka, H., K. Yamamoto, T. Yoshikawa, T. Shinogi, and S. Tsuruoka,"Genetic algorithm with the constraints for Nurse scheduling problem,"in Proceedings of Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Seoul, IEEE Press, 2001, pp. 1123-1130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostreva, M. M. and P. Genevier,"Nurses preferences vs. circadian rhythms in scheduling,"Nurse Management, 20 (7), 50-62 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostreva, M. and K. Jennings,"Nurse scheduling on a microcomputer,"Computers and Operations Research, 18, 731-739 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A. and R. Kapur,"Discrete simulation application-Scheduling staff for the emergency room,"in E. A. MacNair, K. J. Musselman, and P. Heidelberger (eds. ), Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings, IEEE, Washington, DC, 1989, pp. 1112-1120

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazaro, J. M. and P. Aristondo,"Using solver for Nurse scheduling,"in Proceedings of Ilog Solver & Ilog Schedule, First International Users 'Conference (http: //www. ilog. fr/products/solver/conference. html), Paris, 1995.

  • Li, H., A. Lim, and B. Rodrigues,"A hybrid AI approach for Nurse rostering problem,"in Proceedings of the 2003ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, ISBN 1-58113-624-2, 2003, pp. 730-735.

  • Liebman, J. S., J. P. Young, and M. Bellmore,"Allocation of Nursing personnel in an extended care facility,"Health Services Research, 7, 209-220 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lot, V. and R. Cerveny,"A nal exam-scheduling package,"Journal of the Operational Research Society, 42, 205-216 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maier-Rothe, C. and H. B. Wolfe,"Cyclical scheduling and allocation of Nursing staff,"Socio-Economic Planning Science, 7, 471-487 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Megeath, J. D.,"Successful hospital personnel scheduling,"Interfaces, 8 (2), 55-60 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meisels, A., E. Gudes, and G. Solotorevski,"Employee timetabling, constraint networks and knowledge-based rules: A mixed approach,"in E. K. Burke and P. Ross (eds. ), Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, First International Conference, Edinburgh, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1153, 1996, pp. 93-105.

  • Meisels, A., E. Gudes, and G. Solotorevski,"Combining rules and constraints for employee timetabling,"Journal of Intelligent Systems, 12, 419-439 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meisels, A. and N. Lusternik,"Experiments in networks of employee timetabling problems,"in E. K. Burke and M. Carter (eds. ), Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, Second International Conference, Toronto, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1408, 1998, pp. 130-141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meisels, A. and A. Schaerf,"Modelling and solving employee timetabling problems,"Annals of Mathematics and Arti cial Intelligence, 39, 41-59 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer auf 'm Hofe, H.,"ConPlan/SIEDAplan: Personnel assignment as a problem of hierarchical constraint satisfaction," in Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Practical Application of Constraint Technology, London, 1997, pp. 257-271.

  • Meyer auf 'm Hofe, H.,"Solving rostering tasks as constraint optimization,"in E. K. Burke and W. Erben (eds. ), Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, Third International Conference, Konstanz, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2079, 2001, pp. 191-212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millar, H. H. and M. Kiragu,"Cyclic and non-cylcic scheduling of 12h shift nurses by network programming,"European Journal of Operational Research, 104 (3), 582-592 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, M. L.,"Implementing self-scheduling,"The Journal of Nursing Administration, 14, 33-36 (March 1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, H. E., W. Pierskalla, and G. Rath,"Nurse scheduling using mathematical programming,"Operations Research, 24, 857-870 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Monk, T. H.,"Advantages and disadvantages of rapidly rotating shift schedules. A circadian viewpoint,"Human Factors, 28, 553-557 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • Monk, T. H. and S. Folkard, Making Shift Work Tolerable, London, Taylor and Francis, ISBN 0850668220, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrow, K. L.,"Using staf ng and scheduling information to support change,"Nursing Management, 25 (5), 78-80 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moz, M. and M. Pato,"Solving the problem of rerostering Nurse schedules with hard constraints: New multicommodity. ow models,"Annals of Operations Research, 128, 179-197 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, C. W. and J. C. McCloskey,"Nurses 'job satisfaction: A proposed measure,"Nursing Research, 39 (2)113-117 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Musa, A. and U. Saxena,"Scheduling Nurses using goal-programming techniques,"IEE Transactions, 16, 216-221 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Muslija, N., J. Gaertner, and W. Slany,"Ef cient generation of rotating workforce schedules,"in E. K. Burke and W. Erben (eds. ), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, ISBN 3-00-003866-3, 2000, pp. 314-332.

  • Musliu, N., A. Schaerf, and W. Slany,"Local search for shift design, MIC '2001,"in Proceedings of the 4th Metaheuristics International Conference, Porto, 2001, pp. 465-469.

  • Narasimhan, R.,"An algorithm for single shift scheduling of hierarchical workforce,"European Journal of Operational Research, 96, 113-121 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nutt, P. C.,"Decision-modeling methods used to design decision support systems for staf ng,"Medical Care, 22 (11), 1002-1013 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada, M.,"An approach to the generalised nurse scheduling problem-Generation of a deeclarative programto represent institution-speci c knowledge,"Computers and Biomedical Research, 25, 417-434 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada, M. and M. Okada,"Prolog-based system for Nursing staff scheduling implemented on a personal computer," Computers and Biomedical Research, 21, 53-63 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  • Oldenkamp, J. H.,"Investigating reasoning in maternity care scheduling,"Knowledge and Policy, 5 (3), 67-76 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozkarahan, I.,"A. exible Nurse scheduling support system,"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 30, 145-153 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozkarahan, I.,"Adisaggregation model of a. exible Nurse scheduling support system,"Socio-Economical Planning Science, 25 (1), 9-26 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozkarahan, I.,"An integrated Nurse scheduling model,"Journal of the Society for Health Systems, 3 (2), 79-101 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozkarahan, I.,"Allocation of surgical procedures to operating rooms,"Journal of Medical Systems, 19 (4), 333-352 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozkarahan, I.,"Allocation of surgeries to operating rooms by goal programming,"Journal of Medical Systems, 24 (6), 339-378 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozkarahan, I. and J. E. Bailey,"Goal programming model subsystem of a. exible nurse scheduling support system,"IEEE Transactions, 16, 306-316 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  • Paechter, B., R. C. Rankin, A. Cumming, and T. C. Fogarty, Timetabling the classes of an Entire University with an Evolutionary Algorithm, Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN)V, Springer, LNCS 1498, 1998.

  • Petrovic, S., G. Beddoe, and G. Vanden Berghe,"Storing and adapting repair experiences in personnel rostering,"in E. K. Burke and P. De Causmaecker (eds. ), Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, Fourth International Conference, Gent, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2740, 2003, pp. 185-186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prescott, P. A. and S. A. Bowen,"Controlling nursing turnover,"Nursing Management, 18 (6), 60-66 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  • Randhawa, S. U. and D. Sitompul,"A heuristic-based computerized Nurse scheduling system,"Computers and Operations Research, 20 (8), 837-844 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ringl, K. K. and L. Dotson,"Self-scheduling for professional Nurses,"Nursing Management, 20, 42-44 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbloom, E. S. and N. F. Goertzen,"Cyclic Nurse scheduling,"European Journal of Operational Research, 31, 19-23 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, S.,"Learning behaviour in a case-based workforce scheduler,"in Proceedings of the 17th UK Planning and Scheduling Special Interest Group, 1998, pp. 217-219.

  • Scott, S. and R. M. Simpson,"Case-bases incorporating scheduling constraint dimensions: Experiences in Nurse rostering," in Smyth and Cunningham (eds. ), Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Springer, Lecture Notes in Arti cial Intelligence, vol. 1488, 1998, pp. 392-401.

  • Scott, S., R. M. Simpson, and R. Ward,"Combining case-based reasoning and constraint logic programming techniques for packaged Nurse rostering systems,"in Proceedings of the 3rd UK Case-Based Reasoning Workshop (1997).

  • Schaerf, A. and A. Meisels,"Solving employee timetabling problems by generalised local search,"in Proceedings Italian AI, 1999, pp. 493-502.

  • Siferd, S. P. and W. C. Benton,"Workforce staf ng and scheduling: Hospital nursing speci c models,"European Journal of Operational Research, 60, 233-246 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvestro, R. and C. Silvestro,"An evaluation of nurse rostering practices in the National Health Service,"Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32 (3), 525-535 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sitompul, D. and S. Randhawa,"Nurse scheduling models: A state-of-the-art review,"Journal of the Society of Health Systems, 2, 62-72 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • S `lowi ´nski, R. and M. Hapke (eds. ), Scheduling Under Fuzziness, Physica-Verlag, ISBN 3-7908-1249-8, 2000.

  • Smith, L. D.,"The application of an interactive algorithm to develop cyclical rotational schedules for Nursing personnel," INFOR, 14, 53-70 (February, 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L. D., D. Bird, and A. Wiggins,"A computerised system to schedule nurses that recognises staff preferences," Hospital & Health Service Administration, 19-35 (1979).

  • Smith, L. D., A. Wiggins, and D. Bird,"Post implementation experience with computer-assisted nurse scheduling in a large hospital,"Information Systems and Operational Research, 17, 309-321 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L. D. and A. Wiggins,"A computer-based Nurse scheduling system,"Computers and Operations Research, 4 (3), 195-212 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Daniels, V., S. Schweikhart, and D. Smith-Daniels,"Capacity management in health care services: Reviewand future research directions,"Decision Sciences, 19, 891-919 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanomaru, J.,"Staff scheduling by a genetic algorithm with heuristic operators,"in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, 456-461 (1995).

  • Tien, J. and A. Kamiyama,"On manpower scheduling algorithms,"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 24 (3), 275-287 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trivedi, V. M. and M. Warner,"A branch and bound algorithm for optimum allocation of. oat nurses,"Management Science, 22 (9), 972-981 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Valouxis, C. and E. Housos,"Hybrid optimisation techniques for the workshift and rest assignment of nursing personnel," Arti cial Intelligence in Medicine, 20, 155-175 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner, M.,"Nurse staf ng, scheduling, and reallocation in the hospital,"Hospital & Health Services Administration, 77-90 (1976).

  • Warner, M.,"Scheduling Nursing personnel according to Nursing preference: A mathematical programming approach," Operations Research, 24, 842-856 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner, M., B. Keller, and S. Martel,"Automated Nurse scheduling,"Journal of the Society for Health Systems, 2 (2), 66-80.

  • Warner, M. and J. Prawda,"A mathematical programming model for scheduling Nursing personnel in a hospital,"Management Science, 19, 411-422 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weil, G., K. Heus, P. Francois, and M. Poujade,"Constraint programming for Nurse scheduling,"in IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 1995, pp. 417-422.

  • Wiers, V. C. S.,"A review of the applicability of OR and AI scheduling techniques in practice,"OMEGA-the International Journal of Management Science, 25 (2), 145-153 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, R. and S. Allison,"Alertness of night nurses: Two shift systems compared,"Ergonomics, 32, 281-292 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, H. and J. P. Young,"Staf ng the Nursing unit: Part I,"Nursing Res., 14 (3), 236-234 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, H., J. P. Young, and J. P.,"Staffing the Nursing unit: Part II,"Nursing Res., 14 (4), 299-303 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wren, A.,"Scheduling, timetabling and rostering-A special relationship?"in E. K. Burke and P. Ross (eds. ), Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, First International Conference, Edinburgh, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1153, 1996, pp. 45-75.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science & IT, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK

    Edmund K. Burke

  2. KaHo St.-Lieven, Information Technology, Gebr. Desmetstraat 1, 9000, Gent, Belgium

    Patrick De Causmaecker & Greet Vanden Berghe

  3. Vakgroep Technische Bedrijfsvoering, Universiteit Gent, Technologiepark 903, 9052, Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium

    Hendrik Van Landeghem

Authors
  1. Edmund K. Burke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Patrick De Causmaecker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Greet Vanden Berghe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hendrik Van Landeghem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Burke, E.K., De Causmaecker, P., Berghe, G.V. et al. The State of the Art of Nurse Rostering. Journal of Scheduling 7, 441–499 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSH.0000046076.75950.0b

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSH.0000046076.75950.0b

Search

Navigation