Abstract
THE South American Andes were brought to their present height by the final uplift phases of the late Pliocene and the Pleistocene1–6 and an alpine-like vegetation (locally called páramo or puna7–14) developed in the terrain thus produced. It follows that the evolution of the associated páramo-puna fauna by multiple speciation in situ should have taken place mostly or entirely during the Quaternary, so that the occurrence of speciation within this fauna should be a convenient guide to the possible rate of speciation in the Pleistocene.
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VUILLEUMIER, F. Pleistocene Speciation in Birds living in the High Andes. Nature 223, 1179–1180 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1038/2231179a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/2231179a0
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