Summary
In a previous paper Perkins and Jinks (1973) found that most of the genotype-environmental interactions of a set of inbred lines (derived by nine successive generations of selfing from a random sample of F2 individuals of the cross between two inbred varieties, 1 and 5, of Nicotiana rustica) were linearly related to the dependent environmental component, Êj (Freeman and Perkins, 1973), for the four traits flowering time, linear growth rate, leaf length and final plant height in each of two experiments. The first experiment consisted of the complete set of 82 inbred genotypes, grown in the eight environments produced by two planting densities in each of four sowing dates and the second experiment consisted of a subsample of 10 inbred genotypes, selected as a stratified sample for mean performance in final plant height, grown in the 16 environments produced by all combinations of the presence and absence of N, P, K and Ca fertilisers. Each genotype was represented in each environment by eight individually randomised plants. In the present paper the linear interactions observed for experiment 1 were found to be primarily due to the differential linear, quadratic or cubic responses of the genotypes to successive (equidistant) sowing dates. Those of experiment 2 could be mostly attributed to one of the three main fertiliser treatments N, P or K although the particular treatment responsible varied from trait to trait and according to the absence or presence of Ca.
A principal components analysis was applied to the correlation matrix between the orthogonal genotypic and g × e interaction comparisons of all the traits over genotypes in the two experiments. For experiment 1 this showed that the g × e interaction comparison of each trait responsible for the linear relationship with Êj was sometimes associated in a complex manner with the genotypic component of a different trait but not significantly with that of the same trait. For experiment 2 the expected convergence of the quantitative traits in a poorer range of environments (this experiment was also grown at high density) was confirmed since most of the genotypic and important g × e interaction comparisons were found to be positively associated with the first principal component in both the absence and presence of calcium. A principal components analysis was similarly applied to the genotypic and density interaction comparisons of a subset of data including four further characters, capsule length, capsule width, capsule number and total seed yield collected from sowing 1, experiment 1. This showed a positive association between total seed yield (a measure of fitness) and a linear growth rate, leaf length, final plant height, capsule length and capsule number. The interaction of seed yield with densities together with that of several other traits was found to be negatively associated with the genotypic component of flowering time due to the retardation in certain developmental processes of the earlier flowering genotypes at the higher planting density.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Eaves, L J, and Brumpton, R J. 1972. Factors of covariation in Nicotiana rustica. Heredity, 29, 151–175.
Fisher, R A, and Yates, F. 1963. Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research. Oliver and Boyd, London.
Freeman, G H, and Perkins, Jean M. 1971. Environmental and genotype-environmental components of variability. VIII. Relations between genotypes grown in different environments and measures of these environments. Heredity, 27, 15–23.
Gale, J S, and Eaves, L J. 1972. Variation in wild populations of Papaver dubium. V. The application of factor analysis to the study of variation. Heredity, 29, 135–149.
Jinks, J L. 1954. The analysis of continuous variation in a diallel cross of Nicotiana rustica varieties. Genetics, 39, 767–788.
Linney, R. Barnes, B W, and Kearsey, M J. 1971. Variation for metrical characters in Drosophila populations. III. The nature of selection. Heredity, 27, 163–174.
Perkins, Jean M. 1972. The principal component analysis of genotype-environmental interactions and physical measures of the environment. Heredity, 29, 51–70.
Perkins, Jean M, and Jinks, J L. 1968. Environmental and genotype-environmental components of variability. III. Multiple lines and crosses. Heredity, 23, 339–356.
Perkins, Jean M, and Jinks, J L. 1973. The assessment and specificity of environmental and genotype-environmental components of variability. Heredity, 30, 111–126.
Seal, H. 1964. Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Biologists. Methuen, London.
Westerman, Jane M, and Lawrence, M J. 1970. Genotype-environment interaction and developmental regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Heredity, 25, 609–627.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Perkins, J. Orthogonal and principal components analysis of genotype-environmental interactions for multiple metrical traits. Heredity 32, 189–209 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1974.23
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1974.23
This article is cited by
-
Genotype x environment interactions in a core collection of French perennial ryegrass populations
Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1993)
-
Indirect selection for environmental sensitivity in Nicotiana rustica
Heredity (1984)
-
Joint selection for both extremes of mean performance and of sensitivity to a macro-environmental variable
Heredity (1978)
-
Joint selection for both extremes of mean performance and of sensitivity to a macroenvironmental variable
Heredity (1978)
-
The use of environmental variables in the interpretation of genotype-environment interaction
Heredity (1976)