Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Original Article
  • Published:

Progenitor Cell Mobilisation

GM-CSF-based mobilization effect in normal healthy donors for allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation volume 30, pages 81–86 (2002)Cite this article

Abstract

It is important to optimize methods to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood (PB) for successful allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation. Our primary intent was to investigate the role of GM-CSF for mobilization in normal healthy donors and to compare its efficacy in mobilizing stem cells alone, in concurrent combination and in sequential combination with G-CSF in this study. We analyzed the results of the PBSC harvest through large volume leukapheresis from 48 normal healthy donors mobilized by three different regimens including GM-CSF. Donors were assigned sequentially to one of the following regimens for mobilization: GM-CSF 10 μg/kg/day alone (group 1, n = 9); concurrent combination (group 2, n = 20) of G-CSF 5 μg/kg/day and GM-CSF 5 μg/kg/day; sequential combination (group 3, n = 19) of GM-CSF alone 10 μg/kg/day for 3 days followed by G-CSF alone 10 μg/kg/day for 2–3 days. The harvested CD34+ cell count (P < 0.05) was statistically higher in group 3 than in group 1 or 2. Pre-collection WBC count in donors (P < 0.05), harvested MNC (P < 0.05) and CD3+ cell count (P < 0.05) of group 2 or 3 were significantly higher than those of group 1. Recipients who received stem cells mobilized with combination regimens showed an earlier recovery of WBC and platelets count than those with GM-CSF alone. The incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease was not statistically different among three recipient groups. GM-CSF-based mobilization was well tolerated in normal healthy donors. The sequential combination regimen appears to be an excellent mobilization strategy and might be preferred as the optimal method in some clinical situations that need a higher number of stem cells.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1
Figure 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Grigg AP, Roberts AW, Raunow H et al. Optimizing dose and scheduling of filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) for mobilization and collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells in normal volunteers Blood 1995 86: 4437 4445

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Stroncek DF, Clay ME, Petzoldt ML et al. Treatment of normal individuals with G-CSF: donor experiences and the effects on peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts and the collection of peripheral blood stem cells Transfusion 1996 36: 601 610

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Anderlini P, Donato M, Chan KW et al. Allogeneic blood progenitor cell collection in normal donors after mobilization with filgrastim: the MD Anderson Cancer Center experience Transfusion 1999 39: 555 560

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Korbling M, Anderlini P . Peripheral blood stem cell versus bone marrow allotransplantation: does the source of hematopoietic stem cells matter? Blood 2001 98: 2900 2908

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lane TA, Ho AD, Bashey A et al. Mobilization of blood-derived stem and progenitor cells in normal subjects by granulocyte–macrophage- and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors Transplantation 1999 39: 39 47

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Corringham RE, Ho AD . Rapid and sustained allogeneic transplantation using immunoselected CD34+-selected peripheral blood progenitor cells mobilized by recombinant granulocyte- and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factors Blood 1995 86: 2052 2054

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sohn SK, Jung JT, Suh KW et al. Prophylactic growth factor-primed donor lymphocyte infusion using cells additionally reserved at the time of transplant after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in high-risk hematological malignancies Cancer 2002 94: 18 24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Przepiorka D, Weisdorf D, Martin P et al. Consensus conference on acute GVHD grading Bone Marrow Transplant 1995 15: 825 826

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Zaucha JM, Gooley T, Bensinger WI et al. CD34 cell dose in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell grafts affects engraftment kinetics and development of extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease after human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling transplantation Blood 2001 98: 3221 3227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Urbano-Ispizua A, Carreras E, Marin P et al. Allogeneic transplantation of CD34 (+) selected cells from peripheral blood from human leukocyte antigen-identical siblings: detrimental effect of a high number of donor CD34 (+) cells? Blood 2001 98: 2352 2357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Morariu-Zamfir R, Rocha V, Devergie A et al. Influence of CD34 (+) marrow cell dose on outcome of HLA-identical sibling allogeneic bone marrow transplants in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia Bone Marrow Transplant 2001 27: 575 580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mavroudis D, Read E, Cottler-Fox M et al. CD34+ cell dose predicts survival, post transplant morbidity and rate of hematologic recovery after allogeneic marrow transplants for hematologic malignancies Blood 1996 88: 3223 3229

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Barrett J, Bahceci E, Childs R et al. High CD34+ cell dose lowers relapse risk in standard and high-risk recipients of allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplants (PBSCT) Blood 1998 92: 139a (Abstr. 560)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bot FS, Van Eijk L, Schipper P et al. Synergistic effects between GM-CSF and G-CSF on M-CSF on highly enriched human marrow progenitor cells Leukemia 1990 4: 325 328

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lane TA, Law P, Maruyama M et al. Harvesting and enrichment of hematopoietic progenitor cells mobilized into the peripheral blood of normal donors by granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or G-CSF: potential role in allogeneic marrow transplantation Blood 1995 85: 275 282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Weaver CH, Schulman KA, Wilson-Relyea B et al. Randomized trial of filgrastim, sargramostim, or sequential sargramostim and filgrastim after myelosuppressive chemotherapy for the harvesting of peripheral-blood stem cells J Clin Oncol 2000 18: 43 53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Madero L, Gonzalez-Vicent M, Molina J et al. Use of concurrent G-CSF + GM-CSF vs G-CSF alone for mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells in children with malignant disease Bone Marrow Transplant 2000 26: 365 369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Fischmeister G, Gadner H . Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor for collection of peripheral blood progenitor cellls from healthy donors Curr Opin Hematol 2000 7: 150 155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ho AD, Young D, Maruyama M et al. Pluripotent and lineage-committed CD34+ subsets in leukapheresis products mobilized by G-CSF, GM-CSF vs a combination of both Exp Hematol 1996 24: 1460 1468

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Fischmeister G, Kurz M, Haas OA et al. G-CSF versus GM-CSF for stimulation of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) and leukocytes in healthy volunteers: comparison of efficacy and tolerability Ann Hematol 1999 78: 117 123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Holm M . Not all healthy donors mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells sufficiently after G-CSF administration to allow for subsequent CD34 purification of the leukapheresis product (letter) J Hematother 1998 7: 111 113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Winter JN, Lazarus HM, Rademaker A et al. Phase I/II study of combined granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor administration for the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells J Clin Oncol 1996 14: 277 286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sohn SK, Kim DH, Jung JT et al. Successful allogeneic stem-cell transplantation with prophylactic stepwise G-CSF primed-DLIs for relapse after autologous transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review on the evidences of GVL effect in MCL Am J Hematol 2000 65: 75 80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hoglund M, Smedmyr B, Bengtsson M et al. Mobilization of CD34+ cells by glycosylated and nonglycosylated G-CSF in healthy volunteers-a comparative study Eur J Haematol 1997 59: 177 183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Vij R, Brown RA, Adkin D et al. Mobilization of normal donors with G-CSF and GM-CSF is associated with improved yield of progenitors and increased numbers of activated dendritic cells Blood 1998 90: 682a (Abstr. 2810)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Majolino I, Cavallaro AM, Bacigalupo A et al. Mobilization and collection of PBSC in healthy donors: a retrospective analysis of the Italian Bone Marrow Transplantation Group (GITMO) Haematologica 1997 82: 47 52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ringden O, Remberger M, Runde V et al. Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors: a comparison with bone marrow transplantation Blood 1999 94: 455 464

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank LG CI, Ltd, Korea for providing us with the opportunity to try this clinical trial. This study was supported by the Medical Research Institute grant, Kyungpook National University Hospital.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Taegu, South Korea

    SK Sohn, JG Kim, KW Seo, YS Chae, JT Jung & KB Lee

  2. Department of Clinical Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Taegu, South Korea

    JS Suh

Authors
  1. SK Sohn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. JG Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. KW Seo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. YS Chae
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. JT Jung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. JS Suh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. KB Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sohn, S., Kim, J., Seo, K. et al. GM-CSF-based mobilization effect in normal healthy donors for allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 30, 81–86 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1703598

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1703598

Keywords

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links