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Impact of microenvironments and personal activities on personal PM2.5 exposures among asthmatic children

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology volume 24, pages 260–268 (2014)Cite this article

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Abstract

Personal activity patterns have often been suggested as a source of unexplained variability when comparing personal particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure to modeled data using central site or microenvironmental data. To characterize the effect of personal activity patterns on asthmatic children’s personal PM2.5 exposure, data from the Windsor, Ontario Exposure Assessment Study were analyzed. The children spent on an average 67.1±12.7% (winter) and 72.3±22.6% (summer) of their time indoors at home where they received 51.7±14.8% and 66.3±19.0% of their PM2.5 exposure, respectively. In winter, 17.7±5.9% of their time was spent at school where they received 38.6±11.7% of their PM2.5 exposure. In summer, they spent 10.3±11.8% ‘indoors away from home’, which represented 23.4±18.3% of their PM2.5 exposure. Personal activity codes adapted from those of the National Human Activity Pattern Survey and the Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey were assigned to the children’s activities. Of the over 100 available activity codes, 19 activities collectively encompassed nearly 95% of their time. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models found that, while indoors at home, relative to daytime periods when sedentary activities were conducted, several personal activities were associated with significantly elevated personal PM2.5 exposures. Indoor playing represented a mean increase in PM2.5 of 10.1 μg/m3 (95% CI 6.3–13.8) and 11.6 μg/m3 (95% CI 8.1–15.1) in winter and summer, respectively, as estimated by a personal nephelometer.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the study participants, the field technicians, and Nina Dobbin (Clark) and Morgan MacNeill for conducting the internal review. Funding for this work was provided by the Border Air Quality Strategy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Keith Van Ryswyk, Amanda J Wheeler, Jill Kearney, Hongyu You & Ryan Kulka

  2. Consultant, Santa Rosa, California, USA

    Lance Wallace

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada

    Xiaohong Xu

Authors
  1. Keith Van Ryswyk
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  2. Amanda J Wheeler
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  7. Xiaohong Xu
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Correspondence to Keith Van Ryswyk.

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Van Ryswyk, K., Wheeler, A., Wallace, L. et al. Impact of microenvironments and personal activities on personal PM2.5 exposures among asthmatic children. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 24, 260–268 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2013.20

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