Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their subsequent progenitors produce blood cells, but the precise nature and kinetics of this production is a contentious issue. In one model, lymphoid and myeloid production branch after the lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP)1, with both branches subsequently producing dendritic cells2. However, this model is based mainly on in vitro clonal assays and population-based tracking in vivo, which could miss in vivo single-cell complexity3,4,5,6,7. Here we avoid these issues by using a new quantitative version of ‘cellular barcoding’8,9,10 to trace the in vivo fate of hundreds of LMPPs and HSCs at the single-cell level. These data demonstrate that LMPPs are highly heterogeneous in the cell types that they produce, separating into combinations of lymphoid-, myeloid- and dendritic-cell-biased producers. Conversely, although we observe a known lineage bias of some HSCs11,12,13,14, most cellular output is derived from a small number of HSCs that each generates all cell types. Crucially, in vivo analysis of the output of sibling cells derived from single LMPPs shows that they often share a similar fate, suggesting that the fate of these progenitors was imprinted. Furthermore, as this imprinting is also observed for dendritic-cell-biased LMPPs, dendritic cells may be considered a distinct lineage on the basis of separate ancestry. These data suggest a ‘graded commitment’ model of haematopoiesis, in which heritable and diverse lineage imprinting occurs earlier than previously thought.
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Acknowledgements
We thank G. Filion, U. Braunschweig, L. Pagie, M. Hauptmann, P. Lio, R. van der Wath and the NKI Genomics Facility for computational assistance; J. van Heijst, J. Rohr and J. Urbanus for useful discussions; http://www.josharris.com for illustrations in Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1; NKI cytometry and animal facilities; D. Leone, Z. Ping and M. Lodder for technical assistance; and P. Hodgkin, K. Duffy and J. Coquet for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by ERC grant LIFE-HIS-T and HFSP grant RGP0060/2012, S.H.N. was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia, Marie Curie Incoming International FP6 Fellowship, and the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society; and L.P. was supported by a Marie Curie Intra European FP7 Fellowship and the Bettencourt Schueller Fondation.
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S.H.N. conceived, developed, executed and analysed experiments; L.P. developed and carried out data analysis, advised by R.J.d.B.; E.S., C.G. and N.v.R. contributed to lineage-tracing technology development. T.N.S. conceived the approach and advised on data analysis and interpretation. All authors discussed results and wrote the manuscript.
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Supplementary Information
This file contains Supplementary Methods, Supplementary References, Supplementary Tables 1-3 and Supplementary Figures 1-15. (PDF 3526 kb)
3D Principal Component Analysis of LMPPs by the first 3 principal components
PCA of the LMPPs was used to identify groups of progenitors, and resulted in 3 distinct groups with some 'intermediate' LMPPs between them. Backgating of LMPPs (i.e. a manual selection of LMPPs by their 3-dimensional coordinates on the principal components, and visualization of their corresponding LMPPs in the clustered heatmap) was done using in-software tools for Supplementary Fig. 7. (MOV 15098 kb)
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Naik, S., Perié, L., Swart, E. et al. Diverse and heritable lineage imprinting of early haematopoietic progenitors. Nature 496, 229–232 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12013
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