Issue 22, 2006

Isomerization pathways from the norbornadiene to the cycloheptatriene radical cation by opening a bridgehead-methylene bond: a theoretical investigation

Abstract

Three skeletal rearrangement channels for the norbornadiene (N˙+) to the 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (CHT˙+) radical cation conversion, initialized by opening a bridgehead-methylene bond in N˙+, are investigated using the quantum chemical B3LYP, MP2 and CCSD(T) methods in conjunction with the 6–311+G(d,p) basis set. Two of the isomerizations proceed through the norcaradiene radical cation (NCD˙+), either through a concerted path (N˙+ – NCD˙+), or by a stepwise mechanism via a stable intermediate (N˙+ – I1 – NCD˙+). At the CCSD(T)/6–311+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6–311+G(d,p) level, the lowest activation energy, 28.9 kcal mol−1, is found for the concerted path whereas the stepwise path is found to be 2.3 kcal mol−1 higher. On both pathways, NCD˙+ rearranges further to CHT˙+ with significantly less activation energy. The third channel proceeds from N˙+ through I1 and then directly to CHT˙+, with an activation energy of 37.1 kcal mol−1. The multi-step channel reported earlier by our group, which proceeds from N˙+ to CHT˙+via the quadricyclane and the bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2-ene-5-yl-7-ylium radical cations, is 4.6 kcal mol−1 lower than the most favorable path of the present study. If the methylene group is substituted with C(CH3)2, however, the concerted path is estimated to be 5.6 kcal mol−1 lower than the corresponding substituted multi-step path at the B3LYP/6–311+(d,p) level. This shows that substitution of particular positions can have dramatic effects on altering reaction barriers in the studied rearrangements. We also note that identical energies are computed for CHT˙+ and NCD˙+ whereas, in earlier theoretical investigations, the former was reported to be 6–17 kcal mol−1 more stable than the latter. Finally, a bent geometry is obtained for CHT˙+ with MP2/6–311+G(d,p) in contradiction with the planar conformation reported for this cation in earlier computational studies.

Graphical abstract: Isomerization pathways from the norbornadiene to the cycloheptatriene radical cation by opening a bridgehead-methylene bond: a theoretical investigation

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
04 Sep 2006
Accepted
22 Sep 2006
First published
18 Oct 2006

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2006,4, 4241-4250

Isomerization pathways from the norbornadiene to the cycloheptatriene radical cation by opening a bridgehead-methylene bond: a theoretical investigation

D. Norberg, P. Larsson and N. Salhi-Benachenhou, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2006, 4, 4241 DOI: 10.1039/B612791F

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