Issue 108, 2016

Successful synthesis of blocked polyisocyanates, using easily cleavable phenols as blocking agents, and their deblocking and cure studies

Abstract

Phenols with electron withdrawing substituents at the 2,4-positions are important for use as blocking agents for isocyanates. Blocked polyisocyanates derived using such blocking agents are attractive for producing heat-cured polyurethane products at relatively low temperatures, i.e., below 160 °C. In this study, a series of blocked polyisocyanates were prepared using phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2-chloro-4-esterphenol and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol; their blocking and deblocking kinetics, deblocking temperatures, equilibrium temperatures, equilibrium rate constants and cure-times were studied using a hot-stage FT-IR spectrophotometer, adapting neat conditions. Double Arrhenius plots for these thermally reversible systems were reported with an aim to understanding the relationship between forward and reverse reactions. It was found that the rates of forward and reverse reactions and equilibrium rates increased with increasing the acidity of phenol, except in the case of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol; correspondingly, the deblocking temperature and cure-time of blocked polyisocyanates decreased. Blocked polyisocyanates obtained using unsubstituted phenol showed equilibrium temperature as a range in the double Arrhenius plot, whereas, in the case of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol, the Arrhenius plots showed distinct equilibrium temperatures. The equilibrium temperature range or equilibrium temperature of 2-chloro-4-esterphenol-blocked polyisocyanate was not determined, as extrapolation of its plot was found to extend out of the temperature range studied. Importantly, as expected with strong background, all three di-substituted phenols were found to deblock remarkably below 55–70 °C, compared to unsubstituted phenol, which deblocks at 135 °C. More importantly, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol deblocks at 65 °C and its blocked polyisocyanate cures with polyol within 25 minutes at 110 °C.

Graphical abstract: Successful synthesis of blocked polyisocyanates, using easily cleavable phenols as blocking agents, and their deblocking and cure studies

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
30 Sep 2016
Accepted
23 Oct 2016
First published
24 Oct 2016

RSC Adv., 2016,6, 106990-107000

Successful synthesis of blocked polyisocyanates, using easily cleavable phenols as blocking agents, and their deblocking and cure studies

S. Kalaimani, B. M. Ali and A. S. Nasar, RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 106990 DOI: 10.1039/C6RA24409B

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