MXene as a novel intercalation-type pseudocapacitive cathode and anode for capacitive deionization

Pattarachai Srimuk; Friedrich Kaasik; Benjamin Krüner; Aura Tolosa; Simon Fleischmann; Nicolas Jäckel; Mehmet C. Tekeli; Mesut Aslan; Matthew E. Suss; Volker Presser

doi:10.1039/C6TA07833H

MXene as a novel intercalation-type pseudocapacitive cathode and anode for capacitive deionization

Pattarachai Srimuk,^ab Friedrich Kaasik,^ac Benjamin Krüner,^ab Aura Tolosa,^ab Simon Fleischmann,^b Nicolas Jäckel,^ab Mehmet C. Tekeli,^ab Mesut Aslan,^a Matthew E. Suss^d and Volker Presser*^ab

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* Corresponding authors

^a INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
E-mail: volker.presser@leibniz-inm.de

^b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany

^c IMS Laboratory, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

^d Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

Abstract

In this proof-of-concept study, we introduce and demonstrate MXene as a novel type of intercalation electrode for desalination via capacitive deionization (CDI). Traditional CDI cells employ nanoporous carbon electrodes with significant pore volume to achieve a large desalination capacity via ion electrosorption. By contrast, MXene stores charge by ion intercalation between the sheets of its two-dimensional nanolamellar structure. By this virtue, it behaves as an ideal pseudocapacitor, that is, showing capacitive electric response while intercalating both anions and cations. We synthesized Ti₃C₂-MXene by the conventional process of etching ternary titanium aluminum carbide i.e., the MAX phase (Ti₃AlC₂) with hydrofluoric acid. The MXene material was cast directly onto the porous separator of the CDI cell without added binder, and exhibited very stable performance over 30 CDI cycles with an average salt adsorption capacity of 13 ± 2 mg g⁻¹.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

MXene as a novel intercalation-type pseudocapacitive cathode and anode for capacitive deionization

Abstract

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MXene as a novel intercalation-type pseudocapacitive cathode and anode for capacitive deionization

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