Issue 10, 2019, Issue in Progress
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RSC Advances

Biomimetic composite scaffold from an in situ hydroxyapatite coating on cellulose nanocrystals

Chen Huang,abc   Samarthya Bhagia, ORCID logo cf   Naijia Hao,c   Xianzhi Meng, ORCID logo c   Luna Liang,c   Qiang Yong ORCID logo *ab  and  Arthur J. Ragauskas ORCID logo *cde  

* Corresponding authors

a College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
E-mail: swhx@njfu.com.cn

b Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

c Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
E-mail: aragausk@utk.edu

d Center for Renewable Carbon, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA

e UTK-ORNL Joint Institute for Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

f Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

Abstract

A novel nanocomposite scaffold was developed by homogeneous deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAP) on a cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) matrix suspended in a simulated body fluid (SBF). By adjusting the pH of the SBF, the HAP content in the nanocomposite could be controlled between 15 wt% and 47 wt%. Physical and chemical characteristics of the nanocomposites were analyzed by SEM, FTIR, XRD, SAED, and TEM, which confirmed the successful incorporation of HAP onto the CNCs. The nanocomposites were then freeze-casted into porous scaffolds by different solidification technologies (i.e., directional freezing (DF), plunging in liquid N2 (PL) or in a −20 °C freezer (FZ)) followed by lyophilization. Compression testing of the HAP/CNCs foams indicated that DF caused significant improvement in mechanical properties due to the specific orientation and anisotropic porous structure compared to conventional freezing methods such as PL and FZ. Moreover, the scaffold with high HAP content exhibited improved mechanical and thermal properties, which holds potential for application in bone tissue engineering.

Graphical abstract: Biomimetic composite scaffold from an in situ hydroxyapatite coating on cellulose nanocrystals

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA09523J
Article type
Paper
Submitted
19 Nov 2018
Accepted
05 Feb 2019
First published
15 Feb 2019
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2019,9, 5786-5793

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Biomimetic composite scaffold from an in situ hydroxyapatite coating on cellulose nanocrystals

C. Huang, S. Bhagia, N. Hao, X. Meng, L. Liang, Q. Yong and A. J. Ragauskas, RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 5786 DOI: 10.1039/C8RA09523J

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