Superior energy storage properties and excellent stability of novel NaNbO3-based lead-free ceramics with A-site vacancy obtained via a Bi2O3 substitution strategy†
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Zhiyong
Zhou
a
and
Abstract
This study presents an innovative strategy to improve the energy storage properties of NaNbO3 lead-free ceramics by the addition of Bi2O3. The introduction of Bi2O3 can effectively increase the breakdown strength and decrease the remnant polarization of NaNbO3 ceramics. Meanwhile, hybridization between the O2− 2p and Bi3+ 6p orbitals can enhance the polarization. The novel NaNbO3-based (Na0.7Bi0.1NbO3) ceramics demonstrate ultrahigh energy storage efficiency of 85.4% and remarkably high energy storage density (4.03 J cm−3) at 250 kV cm−1 simultaneously, which are superior to the results of almost all recently reported lead-free alternatives. The outstanding stability of energy storage characteristics in terms of frequency (1–1000 Hz), temperature (20–120 °C) and fatigue (cycle number: 105) is also observed in Na0.7Bi0.1NbO3 ceramics. Furthermore, additional pulsed charge–discharge measurements for Na0.7Bi0.1NbO3 ceramics are also carried out to evaluate actual operation performance. The Na0.7Bi0.1NbO3 ceramics exhibit extremely high power density (62.5 MW cm−3) and current density (1250 A cm−2) and release all stored energy rapidly (∼155 ns) under various electric fields and temperatures. These properties qualify these environment-friendly Na0.7Bi0.1NbO3 ceramics as innovative and most promising alternatives for energy storage applications, especially for high power and pulsed power system applications.
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