Bonding studies of compounds of Group 3–5 elements. Part XVIII. He(I) photoelectron spectra of bivalent homoleptic alkyls and amides, especially of Group 4 elements, and of tin(II) chloride and bromide
Abstract
He(I) photoelectron (p.e.) spectraof (i) themonomeric, presumed-bent, compounds MR2, M(NR′2)2, and M(NR′R″)2[M = Ge, Sn, or Pb; R = CH(SiMe3)2, R′= SiMe3, and R″= CMe3], (ii) the linear HgR2 and M′(NR′2)2(M = Zn or Hg), and (iii) the bent momomeric SnCl2 and SnBr2 have been recorded, as well as the reference compounds RH, R′2NH, and R′R″NH. For the Group 4 metal(II) alkyls the first vertical ionisation potential (i.p.) is close to that of the free metal; the metal lone-pair orbital is progressively higher in M(NR′R″), and M(NR′2)2, in which compounds it is the second band, being preceded by the antibonding b2 molecular orbital (m.o.) formed by the nitrogen lone-pair atomic orbitals (a.o.s). Confirmation of this assignment is also provided by comparison of data for the bent and linear metal(II) amides; in the latter, nitrogen lone-pair interactions are negligible. Assignments, on the basis of trends and, for MX2, of CNDO calculations, are prooosed and trends noted. There is evidence of substantial N→Si pπ–dπ interaction in the amides.