Issue 20, 2011

Direct electro-deposition of graphene from aqueous suspensions

Abstract

We describe the direct electro-chemical reduction of graphene oxide to graphene from aqueous suspension by applying reduction voltages exceeding −1.0 to −1.2 V. The conductivity of the deposition medium is of crucial importance and only values between 4–25 mS cm−1 result in deposition. Above 25 mS cm−1 the suspension de-stabilises while conductivities below 4 mS cm−1 do not show a measurable deposition rate. Furthermore, we show that deposition can be carried out over a wide pH region ranging from 1.5 to 12.5. The electro-deposition process is characterised in terms of electro-chemical methods including cyclic voltammetry, quartz crystal microbalance, impedance spectroscopy, constant amperometry and potentiometric titrations, while the deposits are analysed viaRaman spectroscopy, infra-red spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The determined oxygen contents are similar to those of chemically reduced graphene oxide, and the conductivity of the deposits was found to be ∼20 S cm−1.

Graphical abstract: Direct electro-deposition of graphene from aqueous suspensions

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
20 Jan 2011
Accepted
04 Mar 2011
First published
08 Apr 2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011,13, 9187-9193

Direct electro-deposition of graphene from aqueous suspensions

M. Hilder, B. Winther-Jensen, D. Li, M. Forsyth and D. R. MacFarlane, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 9187 DOI: 10.1039/C1CP20173E

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