Up-conversion properties of lanthanide-organic frameworks and how to track ammunitions using these materials

Ingrid T. Weber; Idelma A. A. Terra; Adenaule J. G. de Melo; Marcella A. de M. Lucena; Kaline A. Wanderley; Carlos de O. Paiva-Santos; Selma G. Antônio; Luiz A. O. Nunes; Filipe A. A. Paz; Gilberto F. de Sá; Severino A. Júnior; Marcelo O. Rodrigues

doi:10.1039/C2RA01214F

Up-conversion properties of lanthanide-organic frameworks and how to track ammunitions using these materials†

Ingrid T. Weber,*^ab Idelma A. A. Terra,^c Adenaule J. G. de Melo,^d Marcella A. de M. Lucena,^d Kaline A. Wanderley,^b Carlos de O. Paiva-Santos,^f Selma G. Antônio,^f Luiz A. O. Nunes,^c Filipe A. A. Paz,^e Gilberto F. de Sá,^b Severino A. Júnior^b and Marcelo O. Rodrigues*^ab

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* Corresponding authors

^a Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília – DF, Brazil
E-mail: ingrid@ufpe.br, marcelozohio@unb.br
Fax: +55 61 3273-4149
Tel: +55 61 3107-3876

^b Departamento de Química Fundamental, UFPE, Recife - PE, Brazil
Fax: +55 81 2126-8442
Tel: +55 81 2126-7475

^c Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos – SP, Brazil

^d Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Materiais, CCEN, UFPE, Recife - PE, Brazil

^e Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, CICECO, Aveiro, Portugal

^f Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Quıímica, Caixa Postal 355, CEP, Araraquara-SP, Brazil

Abstract

This manuscript reports the first example of up-conversion properties involving Yb³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions in five isostructural Lanthanide-Organic Frameworks (LnOFs), herein designated as UCMarker-1 to UCMarker-5, respectively, and their application as optical probes for the identification of gunshot residues (GSRs) and the ammunition encryption procedure. The excitation of the Yb^{3+ 2}F_7/2 ↔ ²F_5/2 transition (980 nm) at room temperature leads to visible up-conversion (UC) emission of Tb^{3+ 5}D₄ → ⁷F_J. The GSR and lead-free primer residues are easily identified upon UV radiation (λ = 254 nm). These results prove that the exploration of LnOFs to identify GSR is attractive for the identification of ammunition origins or caliber recognition.

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Up-conversion properties of lanthanide-organic frameworks and how to track ammunitions using these materials†

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Up-conversion properties of lanthanide-organic frameworks and how to track ammunitions using these materials

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