* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
E-mail: fding@clemson.edu

^b ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Australia
E-mail: thomas.p.davis@monash.edu, pu-chun.ke@monash.edu

^c St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Australia

^d Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

^e Department of Material Engineering, Auburn, AL 36849, USA

^f School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia

^g Department of Chemistry, Warwick University, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, UK