Thermal activation of charge carriers in ionic and electronic semiconductor β-AgIVVO3 and β-AgIVVO3@VV1.6VIV0.4O4.8 composite xerogels

Roberto Fernández de Luis; Edurne S. Larrea; Joseba Orive; Luis Lezama; C. M. Costa; S. Lanceros-Méndez; María I. Arriortua

doi:10.1039/C9RA04227J

Thermal activation of charge carriers in ionic and electronic semiconductor β-Ag^IV^VO₃ and β-Ag^IV^VO₃@V^V_1.6V^IV_0.4O_4.8 composite xerogels†

Roberto Fernández de Luis,

*^a Edurne S. Larrea,

^b Joseba Orive,

^c Luis Lezama,^ad C. M. Costa,

^e S. Lanceros-Méndez^af and María I. Arriortua^ab

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a BCMaterials (Basque Centre for Materials, Applications & Nanostructures), Bld. Martina Casiano, 3rd. Floor UPV/EHU Science Park Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
E-mail: roberto.fernandez@bcmaterials.net, maribel@arriortua.ehu.es
Fax: +34 946013500
Tel: +34 946015984

^b Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain

^c Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas (FCFM), Universidad de Chile, Av. Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile

^d Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain

^e Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal

^f IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain

Abstract

Silver vanadium oxide (SVO) and Silver Vanadium Oxide/Vanadium Oxide (SVO@VO) composite hydrogels are formed from the self-entanglement of β-AgVO₃ nanoribbons and slightly reduced vanadium oxide (VO) (V^V_1.6V^IV_0.4O_4.8) nanoribbons; respectively. Starting from randomly distributed nanoribbons within hydrogels, and after a controlled drying process, a homogeneous xerogel system containing tuneable SVO : VO ratios from 1 : 0 to 1 : 1 can be obtained. The precise nanoribbons compositional control of these composite system can serve as a tool to tune the electrical properties of the xerogels, as it has been demonstrated in this work by impedance spectroscopy (IS) experiments. Indeed, depending on the composition and temperature conditions, composite xerogels can behave as electronic, protonic or high temperature ionic conductors. In addition, the electric and protonic conductivity of the composite xerogels can be enhanced (until a critical irreversible point), through the temperature triggered charge carrier creation. As concluded from thermogravimetry, IR, UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopy studies, besides the SVO : VO ratio, the thermal induced oxidation/reduction of V⁵⁺ to V⁴⁺, and thermally triggered release of strongly bonded water molecules at the nanoribbon surface are the two key variables that control the electric and ionic conduction processes within the SVO and composite SVO/VO xerogels.

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Article information

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA04227J
Article type: Paper
Submitted: 05 Jun 2019
Accepted: 09 Nov 2019
First published: 20 Dec 2019
This article is Open Access

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RSC Adv., 2019,9, 42439-42449

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Thermal activation of charge carriers in ionic and electronic semiconductor β-Ag^IV^VO₃ and β-Ag^IV^VO₃@V^V_1.6V^IV_0.4O_4.8 composite xerogels

R. Fernández de Luis, E. S. Larrea, J. Orive, L. Lezama, C. M. Costa, S. Lanceros-Méndez and M. I. Arriortua, RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 42439 DOI: 10.1039/C9RA04227J

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