* Corresponding authors

^a Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
E-mail: rogers@northwestern.edu

^b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA

^c Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

^d Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

^e Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA

^f Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

^g Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA

^h Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

ⁱ Sibel Inc., Evanston, IL 60201, USA

^j Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

^k Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bio5 Institute, Neuroscience GIDP, The University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721 USA

^l School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea

^m Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

ⁿ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA

^o Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA

^p Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA