Current review
Xenotransplantation: Past achievements and future promise

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-2892.2002.00110.xGet rights and content

Abstract

Xenotransplantation offers a potential solution to the shortfall in donor organs for human transplantation. This review describes the barriers to xenotransplantation and the progress that has been made towards making it a clinical reality. Data from preclinical pig-to-primate cardiac and pulmonary xenografts are highlighted.

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      Removal of anti-αGal antibodies and depletion or inhibition of complement in nonhuman primate recipients were found to protect pig xenografts from HAR but not from AHXR, which is mediated by returning anti-αGal or newly elicited anti-non-αGal xenoreactive antibodies.23 Transgenic pigs were developed expressing human complement regulatory proteins, for example, hDAF (human decay-accelerating factor, CD55),6 MCP (membrane cofactor protein, CD46),7 or protectin (CD59),8 but although grafts from these donor pigs were protected from HAR, they are not completely protected from AHXR.24 Using a combination of CD46 transgene pig heart grafts, the α-galactosyl-polyethylene glycol conjugate TPC, and conventional immunosuppression in baboons, McGregor et al.25,26 have obtained a median heart graft survival time of 75–90 days.

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