EditorialThe Natural History and the Staging of Chronic Hepatitis B: Time for Reevaluation of the Virus–Host Relationship Based on Molecular Virology and Immunopathogenesis Considerations?
References (26)
- et al.
Acute exacerbations in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infectionIncidence, predisposing factors and etiology
J Hepatol
(1990) - et al.
Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA can be a predictor of sustained response to therapy
Gastroenterology
(2005) - et al.
Persistence of cccDNA during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B and decline during adefovir dipivoxil therapy
Gastroenterology
(2004) - et al.
Clinical significance of intrahepatic hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients who received cytotoxic chemotherapy
Blood
(2005) Navigating the maze of hepatitis B treatments
Gastroenterology
(2007)- et al.
Drug targets and molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in chronic hepatitis B
Gastroenterology
(2007) - et al.
Viral quasi-species evolution during Hepatitis Be antigen seroconversion
Gastroenterology
(2007) - et al.
Impaired intrahepatic hepatitis B virus productivity contributes to low viremia in most HBeAg-negative patients
Gastroenterology
(2007) - et al.
High degree of conservation in the hepatitis B virus core gene during the immune tolerant phase in perinatally acquired chronic hepatitis B virus infection
J Hepatol
(1997) - et al.
High rate of mutations in the hepatitis B core gene during the immune clearance phase of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Hepatology
(1996)
Hepatitis B virus immunopathogenesis
Annu Rev Immunol
Chronic hepatitis B
N Engl J Med
Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan: studies of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum
Hepatology
Cited by (19)
Clinical Significance of Quantitative HBsAg Titres and its Correlation With HBV DNA Levels in the Natural History of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
2016, Journal of Clinical and Experimental HepatologyCitation Excerpt :HBsAg level was important for interpretation of the phase of the HBV infection in untreated patients8–10 as well as treatment individualisation.11–13 In fact, HBV-infection has a complicated and dynamic natural history14,15 and was divided into four phases when acquired early in the life, based on evolution of the virus and host immune responses; immune tolerance phase (IT), immune clearance phase (IC), low-replicative phase (LR) and HBeAg negative hepatitis (ENH). All these phases were well characterised with biochemical, virological and demographic characteristics.13
HBsAg Level as Predictor of Liver Fibrosis in HBeAg Positive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
2015, Journal of Clinical and Experimental HepatologyCitation Excerpt :However, the correlation of HBsAg level and HBV DNA was poor or missing when analyzing the different phases of chronic HBV-infection separately. This dissociation of HBV DNA and HBsAg level in different HBV-phases may reflect a disconnection due to integration of HBV into the host genome that provides a separate template for the production of HBsAg,28 or the cytokine dependent modification of viral replication pathways.29,30 We observed mean stage of fibrosis severity in HBeAg + ve patients was significantly higher compared with HBeAg negative patients and in patients with normal baseline ALT, 54.4% (16/30) and 24.8% (78/314) had moderate to advance (≥F2) fibrosis on liver biopsy in HBeAg + ve and HBeAg negative groups respectively.
HBsAg titers in the different phases of hepatitis B infection in Syrian patients
2012, Journal of Clinical VirologyCitation Excerpt :However, little is known about the HBsAg level in the different phases of HBV infection. Our current understanding of the natural history of HBV is that, when acquired early in life, HBV infection goes through 4 phases: immune tolerant (IT), immune clearance (IC), low replicative (LR) and HBeAg-negative {HBeAg (−)} hepatitis (ENH) CHB phases.10–12 These phases are well characterized with specific biochemical, virological and demographic criteria.10
Re-emerging interest in hepatitis delta: New insights into the dynamic interplay between HBV and HDV
2010, Journal of HepatologyHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels in the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infection: A European perspective
2010, Journal of HepatologyCitation Excerpt :This is in agreement with variations in baseline HBsAg levels among HBV-infected patients observed in previous studies [10]. Indeed, persistent HBV-infection has a complex and dynamic natural history, as reviewed in [22–24], and can be divided into four phases based on the evolution of the virus and the host immune responses: immune tolerance phase (IT), immune clearance phase (IC), low-replicative phase (LR) and HBeAg(−) hepatitis (ENH). The impact of the natural course of HBV-infection is underappreciated in many studies investigating prognostic markers of anti-HBV treatment response.