Clinical—Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary TractExpression of S100A2 Calcium-Binding Protein Predicts Response to Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer
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Patients and Tissue Specimens
Detailed clinicopathologic and outcome data for a total of 601 patients with a diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreatic resection or biopsy were obtained from teaching hospitals associated with the NSW Pancreatic Cancer Network (www.pancreaticcancer.net.au), Sydney, Australia (Table 1). This cohort was the combination of a training cohort of 162 patients (76 resections, which consisted of 62 Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomies and 14 left-sided pancreatectomies, and
Gene Expression and Survival
Seventeen candidate biomarkers were selected based on their potential role in pancreatic cancer and from global analysis of gene expression of pancreatic cancers performed by our group15 and others17, 18, 19 (Table 2 and Supplementary Data). Some of these genes (DPC4/Smad4, LMO4, sFRP4, β-catenin, cyclin E1, HOXB2) have been investigated previously as potential biomarkers in the training cohort prior to its maturation to reach a follow-up of over 5 years.11, 12, 13, 14, 15 The results of
Discussion
Substantial improvements in outcomes have been achieved in some cancers, eg, breast cancer, through defining phenotypic subgroups using molecular markers of outcome and therapeutic responsiveness.21 The ability to forecast an individual patient's response to specific therapies using biomarkers stratifies patients to appropriate therapeutic regimens and facilitates ongoing investigation of treatment-resistant subgroups to identify novel, more effective therapies. This study identifies that high
Acknowledgments
The authors thank all the members and administrative staff of the NSW Pancreatic Cancer Network. For the full list of members, please see online Supplementary Data.
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Conflicts of interest The authors disclose no conflicts.
Funding Supported by the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia, The Cancer Council NSW, the St. Vincent's Clinic Foundation, the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, and R. T. Hall Trust. AVB, CJS, DKC, EAM and SMH are supported by Fellowships from the Cancer Institute NSW.