A Review of the Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Biological Activities of the Essential Oils of Genus Teucrium

 

 Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The genus Teucrium is a large and polymorphic genus of the Lamiaceae family distributed in mild climate zones, particularly in the Mediterranean basin and Central Asia. Studies of nonvolatile constituents of Teucrium species showed that they are a rich source of neo-clerodane diterpenoids, considered as chemotaxonomic markers of the genus. In addition to the nonvolatile metabolites, there has been a large interest in the essential oils of this genus. In this review, a complete survey of the chemical composition and biological properties of the essential oils isolated from Teucrium taxa is provided. In traditional medicine, since ancient times, species of this genus have been widely implemented for their biological properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, insecticidal, anti-malaria, etc. Therefore, a complete review of all of the traditional uses of Teucrium taxa are also reported.

Publication History

Received: 23 June 2020

Accepted after revision: 17 October 2020

Article published online:
09 December 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

• References

• 1 Tutin G, Wood D. Teucrium. In: Tutin G, Heywood VH, Burges NA, Moore DM, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA. eds. Flora Europaea 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1972: 129-135
  Google Scholar
• 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. The Plant List. Accessed March 25, 2020 at: http://www.theplantlist.org
  Google Scholar
• 3 McClintock E, Epling C. A revision of Teucrium in the new world, with observations on its variation, geographical distribution and history. Brittonia 1946; 5: 491-510
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 4 Dinç M, Doğu S. Teucrium pruinosum var. aksarayense var. nov. (Lamiaceae) from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Mod Phytomorphol 2016; 9: 13-17
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 5 Navarro T, El Oualidi J, Trigo MM. Pollen morphology of Teucrium (Labiatae) and its taxonomic value. Belg J Bot 2004; 137: 70-84
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 6 Melnikov D. The system of the genus Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae). In: Tzvelev N. ed. Novitates systematicae plantarum vascularium, Tomus 45. Petropoli, Russia: Institutum Botanicum nomine V. L. Komarovii; 2014: 63-68
  Google Scholar
• 7 Hollis S, Brummitt RK. World geographical Scheme for recording Plant Distributions. Pittsburgh: Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation; 1992
  Google Scholar
• 8 Mesuel H, Jäger E, Rauschert S, Wienert E. Veirleichende Chronologie der Zentraleuropäiscen Flora, Vol. 2. Jena: VEB Gustav Fisher; 1978
  Google Scholar
• 9 Piozzi F. The diterpenoids of Teucrium species. Heterocycles 1981; 15: 1489-1503
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 10 Piozzi F, Rodriguez B, Savona G. Advances in the chemistry of the furanoditerpenoids from Teucrium species. Heterocycles 1987; 25: 807-841
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 11 Piozzi F. Further research on the furoclerodaness from Teucrium species. Heterocycles 1994; 37: 603-626
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 12 Piozzi F, Bruno M, Rosselli S. Further furoneoclerodanes from Teucrium genus. Heterocycles 1998; 48: 2185-2203
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 13 Piozzi F, Bruno M, Rosselli S, Maggio A. Advances in the chemistry of furano-diterpenoids from Teucrium genus. Heterocycles 2005; 65: 1221-1234
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 14 Ulubelen A, Topçu G, Sönmez U. Chemical and biological evaluation of genus Teucrium . Stud Nat Prod Chem 2000; 23: 591-648
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 15 Navarro T, El Oualidi J. Flower and life strategy diversity in Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae). Acta Botanica Malacitana 1999; 24: 63-75
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 16 Juan R, Pastor J, Millan F, Alaiz M, Vioque J. Amino acids composition of Teucrium nutlet proteins and their systematic significance. Ann Bot 2004; 94: 615-621
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 17 Marin P, Petković B, Duletić S. Nutlet sculpturing of selected Teucrium species (Lamiaceae): a character of taxonomic significance. Plant Syst Evol 1994; 192: 199-214
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 18 Marzouk RI, El-Darier SM, Askar ABS. Pollen morphology of Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae, Ajugoideae) in Libya. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon 2017; 24: 219-226
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 19 Oybak E, İnceoğlu Ö. Pollen morphology of some Teucrium L. (Labiatae) species. Commun Fac Sci Univ Ank Serie C 1988; 6: 133-146
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 20 Navarro T, El Oualidi J. Trichome morphology in Teucrium L. (Labiatae). A taxonomic review. Annales Jardin Botanico de Madrid 2000; 57: 277-296
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 21 Codd LE. The South African species of Teucrium (Lamiaceae). Bothalia 1977; 12: 177-179
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 22 Guesmi F, Tyagi AK, Prasad S, Landoulsi A. Terpenes from essential oils and hydrolate of Teucrium alopecurus triggered apoptotic events dependent on caspases activation and PARP cleavage in human colon cancer cells through decreased protein expressions. Oncotarget 2018; 9: 32305-32320
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 23 Guesmi F, Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Landoulsi A. Antinflammatory and anticancer effects of terpenes from oily fractions of Teucruim alopecurus, blocker of IκBα kinase, through downregulation of NF-κB activation, potentiation of apoptosis and suppression of NF-κB-regulated gene expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95: 1876-1885
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 24 Ruiters AK, Tilney PM, Van Vuuren SF, Viljoen AM, Kamatou GPP, Van Wyk BE. The anatomy, ethnobotany, antimicrobial activity and essential oil composition of southern African species of Teucrium (Lamiaceae). S Afr J Bot 2016; 102: 175-185
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 25 Kartaha B, Harhar H, Elmonfaloutia H, Gharbya S, Guillaume D, Charroufa Z. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Teucrium antiatlanticum (Lamiaceae). Der Pharma Chem 2015; 7: 23-25
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 26 Agiel N, Mericli F. A survey on the aromatic plants of Libya. Indian J Pharm Educ 2017; 51: S304-S308
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 27 Redžić SS. The ecological aspect of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology of population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Coll Antropol 2007; 31: 869-890
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 28 Šarić-Kundalić B, Dobeš C, Klatte-Asselmeyer V, Saukel J. Ethnobotanical study on medicinal use of wild and cultivated plants in middle, south and west Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 131: 33-55
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 29 Rivera D, Obón C. The ethnopharmacology of Madeira and Porto Santo Islands, a review. J Ethnopharmacol 1995; 46: 73-93
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 30 Handong S, Xingliang C, Tianen W, Lutai P, Zhongwen L, Deyuant C. A neo-clerodane diterpenoid from Teucrium bidentatum . Phytochemistry 1991; 30: 1721-1723
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 31 Fernandez Puntero B, Iglesias Peinado I, Villar de Fresno AM. Anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activity of Teucrium buxifolium . J Ethnopharmacol 1995; 55: 93-98
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 32 Foster S, Duke JA. A Field Guide to medicinal Plants and Herbs of Eastern and Central North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.; 2000
  Google Scholar
• 33 Bown D. Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses. London: Dorling Kindersley; 1995
  Google Scholar
• 34 Chiej R. Encyclopaedia of medicinal Plants. London: MacDonald; 1984
  Google Scholar
• 35 Nencini C, Galluzzi P, Pippi F, Menchiari A, Micheli L. Hepatotoxicity of Teucrium chamaedrys L. decoction: role of difference in the harvesting area and preparation method. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 46: 181-184
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 36 Zdraveva P, Pavlova D, Krasteva I, Pencheva I. Phytochemical analysis on populations of Teucrium chamaedrys from serpentine sites in Bulgaria. CR Acad Bul Sci 2018; 71: 185-192
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 37 Uritu CM, Mihai CT, Stanciu GD, Dodi G, Alexa-Stratulat T, Luca A, Leon-Constantin MM, Stefanescu R, Bild V, Melnic S, Tamba BI. Medicinal plants of the family lamiaceae in pain therapy: A review. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018: 7801543
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 38 Said O, Khalil K, Fulder S, Azaizeh H. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Israel, the Golan Heights and the West Bank region. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 83: 251-265
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 39 Zargari A. Pharmaceutical Plants. Iran: Tehran University Publications; 1993: 127-130
  Google Scholar
• 40 Ali-Shtayeh MS, Yaniv Z, Mahajna J. Ethnobotanical survey in the Palestinian area: a classification of the healing potential of medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 73: 221-232
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 41 Vujanović M, Zengin G, Đurović S, Mašković P, Cvetanović A, Radojković M. Biological activity of extracts of traditional wild medicinal plants from the Balkan Peninsula. S Afr J Bo 2019; 120: 213-218
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 42 Nastić N, Švarc-Gajić J, Delerue-Matos C, Barroso MF, Soares C, Moreira MM, Morais S, Mašković P, Gaurina Srček V, Slivac I, Radošević K, Radojković M. Subcritical water extraction as an environmentally-friendly technique to recover bioactive compounds from traditional Serbian medicinal plants. Ind Crops Prod 2018; 111: 579-589
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 43 Jarić S, Mačukanović-Jocić M, Djurdjević L, Mitrović M, Kostić O, Karadžić B, Pavlović P. An ethnobotanical survey of traditionally used plants on Suva planina mountain (south-eastern Serbia). J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 175: 93-108
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 44 Gras A, Garnatje T, Ibáñez N, López-Pujol J, Nualart N, Vallès J. Medicinal plant uses and names from the herbarium of Francesc Bolòs (1773–1844). J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 204: 142-168
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 45 Erbay MŞ, Sarı A. Plants used in traditional treatment against hemorrhoids in Turkey. Marmara Pharm J 2018; 22: 110-132
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 46 Polat R, Satil F. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Edremit Gulf (Balikesir-Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139: 626-641
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 47 Sezik E, Yeşilada E, Honda G, Takaishi Y, Takeda Y, Tanaka T. Traditional medicine in Turkey X. Folk medicine in Central Anatolia. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 75: 95-115
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 48 Uysal I, Gücel S, Tütenocakli T, Öztürk M. Studies on the medicinal plants of Ayvacik-Çanakkale in Turkey. Pak J Bot 2012; 44: 239-244
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 49 Bulut G, Tuzlaci E. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Bayramiç (Canakkale-Turkey). Marmara Pharm J 2015; 19: 268-282
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 50 Bulut G, Haznedaroğlu MZ, Doğan A, Koyu H, Tuzlacı E. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Acipayam (Denizli-Turkey). J Herb Med 2017; 10: 64-81
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 51 Ünsal Ç, Vural H, Sariyar G, Özbek B, Ötük G. Traditional medicine in Bi̇leci̇k province (Turkey) and antimicrobial activities of selected species. Turk J Pharm Sci 2010; 7: 139-150
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 52 Kültür S. Medicinal plants used in Kirklareli Province (Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 111: 341-364
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 53 Paksoy MY, Selvi S, Savran A. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in UlukIşla (Niğde-Turkey). J Herb Med 2016; 6: 42-48
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 54 Husein AI, Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jondi WJ, Zatar NAA, Abu-Reidah IM, Jamous RM. In vitro antioxidant and antitumor activities of six selected plants used in the Traditional Arabic Palestinian herbal medicine. Pharm Biol 2014; 52: 1249-1255
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 55 Hernandez-Galicia E, Aguilar-Contreras A, Aguilar-Santamaria L, Roman-Ramos R, Chavez-Miranda AA, Garcia-Vega LM, Flores-Saenz JL, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ. Studies on hypoglycemic activity of Mexican medicinal plants. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 2002; 45: 118-124
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 56 Vera-Ku M, Méndez-González M, Moo-Puc R, Rosado-Vallado M, Simá-Polanco P, Cedillo-Rivera R, Peraza-Sánchez SR. Medicinal potions used against infectious bowel diseases in Mayan traditional medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 132: 303-308
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 57 Jacobo-Salcedo MDR, Alonso-Castro AJ, Salazar-Olivo LA, Carranza-Alvarez C, Gonzaĺez-Espińdola LA, Domińguez F, Maciel-Torres SP, Garciá-Lujan C, Gonzaĺez-Martińez MDR, Gomez-Sańchez M, Estrada-Castilloń E, Zapata-Bustos R, Medellin-Milań P, Garciá-Carrancá A. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Mexican medicinal plants. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6: 1925-1928
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 58 Arnold N, Bellomaria B, Valentini G, Rafaiani SM. Comparative study on essential oil of some Teucrium species from Cyprus. J Ethnopharmacol 1991; 35: 105-113
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 59 Meikle RD. Flora of Cyprus, Vol. 2. Hilversum, Holland: Bentham Maxon Trust; 1985: 1332-1342
  Google Scholar
• 60 Gürdal B, Kültür Ş. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Marmaris (Muğla, Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 146: 113-126
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 61 Formisano C, Napolitano F, Rigano D, Arnold NA, Piozzi F, Senatore F. Essential oil composition of Teucrium divaricatum Sieb. ssp. villosum (Celak.) Rech. fil. growing wild in Lebanon. J Med Food 2010; 13: 1281-1285
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 62 Bellomaria B, Arnold N, Valentini G. Essential oil of Teucrium flavum subsp. hellenicum from Greece. J Essent Oil Res 1998; 10: 131-133
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 63 DallʼAcqua S, Cervellati R, Loi MC, Innocenti G. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of some traditional Sardinian medicinal plants: Investigation of the high antioxidant capacity of Rubus ulmifolius . Food Chem 2008; 106: 745-749
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 64 Sanna C, Ballero M, Maxia A. Le piante medicinali utilizzate contro le patologie epidermiche in Ogliastra (Sardegna centro-orientale). Atti Soc Tosc Sci Nat Mem Serie B 2006; 113: 73-82
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 65 Camarda I. Ricerche etnobotaniche nel comune di Dorgali, Sardegna centro orientale. Boll Soc Sarda Sci Nat 1990; 27: 147-204
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 66 Maccioni S, Guazzi E, Tomei PE. Le piante nella medicina popolare del Grossetano. I, Le colline fra lʼOmbrone e lʼAlbegna (Toscana). Atti Mus Stor Nat Maremma 1997; 16: 25-46
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 67 Tuttolomondo T, Licata M, Leto C, Gargano ML, Venturella G, La Bella S. Plant genetic resources and traditional knowledge on medicinal use of wild shrub and herbaceous plant species in the Etna Regional Park (Eastern Sicily, Italy). J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 155: 1362-1381
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 68 Formisano C, Rigano D, Senatore F, Al-Hillo MRY, Piozzi F, Rosselli S. Analysis of essential oil from Teucrium maghrebinum Greuter et Burdet growing wild in Algeria. Nat Prod Commun 2009; 4: 411-414
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 69 Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publications Inc.; 1972
  Google Scholar
• 70 Chevallier A. The Encyclopaedia of medicinal Plants. London: Dorling Kindersley; 1996
  Google Scholar
• 71 Hisham A, Pathare N, Al-Saidi S, Al-Salmi A. The composition and antimicrobial activity of leaf essential oil of Teucrium mascatenses Boiss. from Oman. J Essent Oil Res 2006; 18: 465-468
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 72 Ghazanfar SA, Al-Sabahi AMA. Medicinal plants of Northern and Central Oman (Arabia). Econ Bot 1993; 47: 89-98
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 73 Zarshenas M, Zargaran A, Maüller J, Mohagheghzadeh A. Nasal drug delivery in traditional Persian medicine. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2013; 8: 144-148
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 74 Jančić R, Stošić D, Mimica-Dukić N, Lakušić B. The aromatic Plants from Serbia. In: Gajić V. ed. NIP Dečije novine. Serbia & Montenegro: Gornji Milanovac; 1995
  Google Scholar
• 75 Zlatković BK, Bogosavljević SS, Radivojević AR, Pavlović MA. Traditional use of the native medicinal plant resource of Mt. Rtanj (Eastern Serbia): ethnobotanical evaluation and comparison. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151: 704-713
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 76 Ajabnoor MA, Al-Yahya MA, Tariq M, Jayyab AA. Antidiabetic activity of Teucrium oliverianum . Fitoterapia 1984; 55: 227-230
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 77 Safaa B, Chalak L, Dalleh H, Arnold N. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by the communities of Mount Hermon, Lebanon. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 173: 139-156
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 78 Bahmani M, Saki K, Shahsavari S, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Sepahvand R, Adineh A. Identification of medicinal plants effective in infectious diseases in Urmia, northwest of Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Bio 2015; 5: 858-864
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 79 Bahmani M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Saki K, Majlesi M, Bahmani F, Bahmani F, Sharifi A, Rasouli S, Sepahvand R, Abdollahi R, Moghimi-Monfared O, Baharvand S. Identification of medical plants acting on reproductive system disorders: An ethnobotanical study in Urmia, Northwest of Iran. J Chem Pharm Res 2015; 7: 493-502
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 80 Miri A, Monsef-Esfahani HR, Amini M, Amanzadeh Y, Hadjiakhoondi A, Hajiaghaee R, Ebrahimi A. Comparative chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oils and aromatic water from Teucrium persicum Boiss. Iran J Pharm Res 2012; 11: 573-581
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 81 Pieroni A, Dibra B, Grishaj G, Grishaj I, Maçai SG. Traditional phytotherapy of the Albanians of Lepushe, Northern Albanian Alps. Fitoterapia 2005; 76: 379-399
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 82 Ait Chaouche FS, Mouhouche F, Hazzit M. Antioxidant capacity and total phenol and flavonoid contents of Teucrium polium L. grown in Algeria. Med J Nutrition Met 2018; 11: 135-144
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 83 Bouabdelli F, Djelloul A, Kaid-Omar Z, Semmoud A, Addou A. Antimicrobial activity of 22 plants used in urolithiasis medicine in Western Algeria. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2012; 2 (Suppl. 01) S530-S535
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 84 Galstyan HM. Standardization of felty germander (Teucrium polium L.) by natural phytoestrogens: phenylpropanoid and flavonoid glycosides. New Armen Med J 2014; 8: 53-58
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 85 Mosaddegh M, Naghibi F, Moazzeni H, Pirani A, Esmaeili S. Ethnobotanical survey of herbal remedies traditionally used in Kohghiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad province of Iran. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 141: 80-95
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 86 Shojaii A, Ghods R, Fard MA. Medicinal herbs in Iranian traditional medicine for learning and memory. Afr J Tradit Complem 2016; 13: 199-209
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 87 Feiz Haddad MH, Mahbodfar H, Zamani Z, Ramazani A. Antimalarial evaluation of selected medicinal plant extracts used in Iranian traditional medicine. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2017; 20: 415-422
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 88 Bahramikia S, Ardestani A, Yazdanparast R. Protective effects of four Iranian medicinal plants against free radical-mediated protein oxidation. Food Chem 2009; 115: 37-42
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 89 Asadi-Samani M, Moradi MT, Mahmoodnia L, Alaei S, Asadi-Samani F, Luther T. Traditional uses of medicinal plants to prevent and treat diabetes; an updated review of ethnobotanical studies in Iran. J Nephropathol 2017; 6: 118-125
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 90 Tajallaie-Asl F, Mardani M, Shahsavari S, Abbaszadeh S. Menstruation phytotherapy according to Iran ethnobotanical sources. J Pharm Sci Res 2017; 9: 986-990
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 91 Sadrizadeh N, Khezri S, Dehghan P, Mahmoudi R. Antibacterial effect of Teucrium polium essential oil and Lactobacillus casei probiotic on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Kishk. Appl Food Biotechnol 2018; 5: 131-140
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 92 Mikaili P, Shayegh J, Asghari MH. Review on the indigenous use and ethnopharmacology of hot and cold natures of phytomedicines in the Iranian traditional medicine. Asian Pac J Trop Bio 2012; 2 (Suppl. 02) S1189-S1193
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 93 Haghighi M, Mozafariyan M. The introduction of extinct endemic vegetables of Iran. J Med Plant Res 2011; 5: 7085-7107
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 94 Sadeghi Z, Kuhestani K, Abdollahi V, Mahmood A. Ethnopharmacological studies of indigenous medicinal plants of Saravan region, Baluchistan, Iran. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 153: 111-118
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 95 Fallah Huseini H, Abdolghaffari AH, Ahwazi M, Jasemi E, Yaghoobi M, Ziaee M. Topical application of Teucrium polium can improve wound healing in diabetic rats. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2020; 19: 132-138
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 96 Azaizeh H, Saad B, Khalil K, Said O. The state of the art of traditional Arab herbal medicine in the Eastern region of the Mediterranean: a review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2006; 3: 229-235
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 97 Abu-Rish EY, Kasabri V, Hudaib MM, Mashalla SH, AlAlawi LH, Tawaha K, Mohammad MK, Mohamed YS, Bustanji Y. Evaluation of antiproliferative activity of some traditional anticancer herbal remedies from Jordan. Trop J Pharm Res 2016; 15: 469-474
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 98 Nawash O, Shudiefat M, Al-Tabini R, Al-Khalidi K. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants commonly used by local bedouins in the badia region of Jordan. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 148: 921-925
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 99 Talib WH, Mahasneh AM. Antiproliferative activity of plant extracts used against cancer in traditional medicine. Sci Pharm 2010; 78: 33-45
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 100 Dababneh BF. Antimicrobial activity of selected Jordanian medicinal plant extracts against pathogenic microorganisms. J Food Agric Environ 2008; 6: 134-139
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 101 Alzweiri M, Sarhan AA, Mansi K, Hudaib M, Aburjai T. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Jordan, the Northern Badia region. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 137: 27-35
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 102 El-Mokasabi FM, Al-Sanousi AF, El-Mabrouk RM. Taxonomy and ethnobotany of medicinal plants in eastern region of Libya. J Environ Sci Toxicol Food Technol 2018; 12: 14-23
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 103 El Atki Y, Aouam I, El Kamari F, Taroq A, Lyoussi B, Taleb M, Abdellaoui A. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of extracts from Teucrium polium growing wild in Morocco. Mater Today Proc 2019; 13: 777-783
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 104 El Amrani F, Rhallab A, Alaoui T, El Badaoui K, Chakir S. Ethnopharmacological survey of some plants used for the treatment of diabetes in the region of Meknès-Tafilalet (Morocco). Phytotherapie 2010; 8: 161-165
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 105 Fakchich J, Elachouri M. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by people in Oriental Morocco to manage various ailments. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 154: 76-87
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 106 Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jamous RM, Jamous RM. Traditional Arabic Palestinian ethnoveterinary practices in animal health care: A field survey in the West Bank (Palestine). J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 182: 35-49
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 107 Jaradat NA, Ayesh OI, Anderson C. Ethnopharmacological survey about medicinal plants utilized by herbalists and traditional practitioner healers for treatments of diarrhea in the West Bank/Palestine. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 182: 57-66
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 108 Suleiman MS, Abdul-Ghani AS, Al-Khalil S, Amin R. Effect of Teucrium polium boiled leaf extract on intestinal motility and blood pressure. J Ethnopharmacol 1988; 22: 111-116
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 109 Khader M, Bresgen N, Eckl PM. Antimutagenic effects of ethanolic extracts from selected Palestinian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127: 319-324
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 110 Qabaha KI. Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of five Palestinian medicinal plants. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2013; 10: 101-108
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 111 Harlev E, Nevo E, Mirsky N, Ofir R. Antidiabetic attributes of desert and steppic plants: a review. Planta Med 2013; 79: 425-436
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 112 Hammiche V, Maiza K. Traditional medicine in Central Sahara: pharmacopoeia of Tassili Nʼajjer. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 105: 358-367
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 113 Mossa JS, Al-Yahya MA, Al-Meshal IA. Medicinal Plants of Saudi Arabia. Riyadh: King Saud University Press; 2000
  Google Scholar
• 114 Rahman MA, Mossa JS, Al-Said MS, Al-Yahya MA. Medicinal plant diversity in the flora of Saudi Arabia: a report on seven plant families. Fitoterapia 2004; 75: 149-161
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 115 Alachkar A, Jaddouh A, Elsheikh MS, Bilia AR, Vincieri FF. Traditional medicine in Syria: folk medicine in Aleppo governorate. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6: 79-84
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 116 Bulut G, Doğan A, Şenkardeş İ, Avci R, Tuzlaci E. The medicinal and wild food plants of Batman City and Kozluk District (Batman-Turkey). Agric Conspec Sci 2019; 84: 29-36
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 117 Demirci S, Özhatay N. An ethnobotanical study in Kahramanmaraş (Turkey); wild plants used for medicinal purpose in Andirin, Kahramanmaraş. Turk J Pharm Sci 2012; 9: 75-92
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 118 Güneş S, Savran A, Paksoy MY, Koşar M, Çakılcıoğlu U. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Karaisalı and its surrounding (Adana-Turkey). J Herb Med 2017; 8: 68-75
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 119 Cakilcioglu U, Khatun S, Turkoglu I, Hayta S. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Maden (Elazig-Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 137: 469-486
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 120 Çakilcioğlu U, Şengün MT, Türkoğlu I. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants of Yazikonak and Yurtbaşi districts of Elaziğ province, Turkey. J Med Plants Res 2010; 4: 567-572
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 121 Akgul A, Akgul A, Senol SG, Yildirim H, Secmen O, Dogan Y. An ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Turkey), a city on the silk road where cultures meet. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2018; 14: 12
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 122 Akin M, Oguz D, Saracoglu H. Antibacterial activity of essential oil from Thymbra spicata var. spicata L. and Teucrium polium (Stapf Brig.). Interventions 2010; 8: 53-58
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 123 Polat R, Cakilcioglu U, Satil F. Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Solhan (Bingöl – Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 148: 951-963
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 124 Le Flocʼh E. Contribution a une etude ethnobotanique de la flore tunisienne, vol 2. Tunis: Publications Scientifiques Tunisiennes; 1983
  Google Scholar
• 125 Facciola S. Cornucopia – A Source Book of edible Plants. California, USA: Kampong Publications; 1990
  Google Scholar
• 126 Jamous RM, Ali-Shtayeh MS, Abu-Zaitoun SY, Markovics A, Azaizeh H. Effects of selected Palestinian plants on the in vitro exsheathment of the third stage larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes. BMC Vete Res 2017; 13: 308
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 127 Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jamous RM, Jamous RM. Complementary and alternative medicine use amongst Palestinian diabetic patients. Complement Ther Clin 2012; 18: 16-21
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 128 Meguellati H, Ouafi S, Saad S, Djemouai N. Evaluation of acute, subacute oral toxicity and wound healing activity of mother plant and callus of Teucrium polium L. subsp. geyrii Maire from Algeria. S Afr J Bot 2019; 127: 25-34
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 129 Meguellati H, Ouafi S, Saad S. Callogenesis and analgesic evaluation of adult plant extracts and callus in Teucrium polium L. subsp. geyrii Maire. J Biol Sci 2018; 18: 192-200
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 130 Liu XC, Liu SL, Liu ZL. GC-MS Analysis of the Essential Oil and Insecticidal Activity of Teucrium quadrifarium Buch.-Ham. (Lamiaceae) Aerial Parts against Liposcelis bostrychophil . J Essent Oil Bear Pl 2019; 19: 1794-1800
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 131 Ben Sghaier M, Chraief I, Skandrani I, Bouhlel I, Boubaker J, Kilani S, Neffati A, Mahmoud A, Hammami M, Chekir-Ghedira L, Ghedira K. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Teucrium ramosissimum (Lamiaceae). Chem Biodivers 2007; 4: 1480-1486
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 132 Henchiri H, Bodo B, Deville A, Dubost L, Zourgui L, Raies A, Grellier P, Mambu L. Sesquiterpenoids from Teucrium ramosissimum . Phytochemistry 2009; 70: 1435-1441
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 133 Srivastava DK, Saggoo MIS. Few medicinal plants of family Labiatae and Scrophulariaceae in the high altitude cold desert areas of Lahaul-Spiti and its adjoining areas of Himachal Pradesh (India). Insight Int J Sci 2015; 2: 75-81
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 134 Ahmed MJ, Akhtar T. Indigenous knowledge of the use of medicinal plants in Bheri, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Eur J Integr Med 2016; 8: 560-569
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 135 Aksoy-Sagirli P, Ozsoy N, Ecevit-Genc G, Melikoglu G. In vitro antioxidant activity, cyclooxygenase-2, thioredoxin reductase inhibition and DNA protection properties of Teucrium sandrasicum L. Ind Crops Prod 2015; 74: 545-550
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 136 Chemli R, Elaissi A, Ben Salah M, Marzouk Z, Mahmoud A. Enquête Ethnobotanique en Tunisie. Tunis: Secrétariat dʼétat de la recherche scientifique de Tunisie; 1993
  Google Scholar
• 137 Allen ED, Hatfield G. Medicinal Plants in Folk Medicine: an Ethonobotany of Britain & Ireland. Portland, Oregon, USA: Timber Press Inc.; 2004
  Google Scholar
• 138 Zargari A. Medicinal Plants, Vol. 4. Tehran: Tehran University Publications; 1993: 132-133
  Google Scholar
• 139 Lans C, Turner N, Khan T, Brauer G, Boepple W. Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in British Columbia, Canada. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2007; 3: 11
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 140 Gastaldo P. Compendio della flora officinale italiana. Padova: Piccin Editor; 1987
  Google Scholar
• 141 Pardo-de-Santayana M. Salud y tradición popular. Guía de las plantas medicinales de Cantabria. Santander: Librería Estudio; 2004
  Google Scholar
• 142 Hisham A, Pathare N, Al-Saidi S. The composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum subsp. stocksianum leaf from Oman. Nat Prod Commun 2006; 1: 195-199
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 143 Migahid AM. Flora of Saudi Arabia, II. Saudi Arabia: Riyadh University Press; 1978: 463
  Google Scholar
• 144 Sonboli A, Bahadori MB, Dehghan H, Aarabi L, Savehdroudi P, Nekuei M, Pournaghi N, Mirzania F. Chemotaxonomic importance of the essential-oil composition in two subspecies of Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. from Iran. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10: 687-694
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 145 Ahmad L, Semotiuk A, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Sultana S, Liu QR, Zada MP, Abidin SZU, Yaseen G. Ethnopharmacological documentation of medicinal plants used for hypertension among the local communities of DIR Lower, Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 175: 138-146
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 146 Rehman K, Mashwani ZUR, Khan MA, Ullah Z, Chaudhary HJ. An ethno botanical perspective of traditional medicinal plants from the Khattak tribe of Chonthra Karak, Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 165: 251-259
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 147 Ullah R, Hussain Z, Iqbal Z, Hussain J, Khan FU, Khan N, Muhammad Z, Ayaz S, Ahmad S, Rehman NU, Hussain I. Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Darra Adam Khel NWFP Pakistan. J Med Plants Res 2010; 4: 1815-1821
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 148 Rahim G, Qureshi R, Arshad M, Gulfraz M. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant properties of Teucrium stocksianum flower from Malakand Division, Pakistan. Int J Agr Biol 2013; 15: 377-381
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 149 Rahim G, Qureshi R, Gulfraz M, Arshad M, Rahim S. Preliminary phytochemical screening and ethnomedicinal uses of Teucrium stocksianum from Malakand Division. J Med Plants Res 2012; 6: 704-707
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 150 Uddin G, Rauf A, Siddiqui BS, Khan H, Barkatullah. Ullah R. Antinociceptive, antioxidant and phytochemical studies of Pakistani medicinal plants. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016; 29: 929-933
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 151 Ibrar M, Hussain F. Ethnobotanical studies of plants of Charkotli hills, Batkhela district, Malakand, Pakistan. Front Biol China 2009; 4: 539-548
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 152 Hao X, Zhang J, Zhan G, Xue Y, Luo Z, Yao G, Zhang Y. Chemical constituents from Teucrium viscidum . Biochem Syst Ecol 2013; 51: 78-82
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 153 Srithi K, Trisonthi C, Wangpakapattanawong P, Balslev H. Medicinal plants used in Hmong womenʼs healthcare in northern Thailand. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139: 119-135
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 154 Tounekti T, Mahdhi M, Khemira H. Ethnobotanical study of indigenous medicinal plants of Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019; 2019: 3190670
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 155 Mothana R, Gruenert R, Bednarski PJ, Lindequist U. Evaluation of the in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some Yemeni plants used in folk medicine. Pharmazie 2009; 64: 260-268
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 156 Ali NAA, Wurster M, Arnold N, Lindequist U, Wessjohann L. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Teucrium yemense Deflers. Rec Nat Prod 2008; 2: 25-32
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 157 Charters ML. California Plant Names: Latin and Greek Meanings and Derivations. A Dictionary of Botanical and Biographical Etymology. Accessed June 17, 2020 at: http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pageT.html
  Google Scholar
• 158 Navarro T, El Oualidi J. Sinopsis of Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae) in the Mediterranean region and surrounding areas. Flora Med 2000; 10: 349-363
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 159 Bahramikia S, Yazdanparast R. Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae). Phytother Res 2012; 26: 1581-1593
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 160 Stanković MS, Zlatić MN. Ethnobotany of Teucrium species. In: Martinez JL, Muñoz-Acevedo A, Rai M. eds. Ethnobotany: Local Knowledge and Traditions. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group; 2019: 214-231
  Google Scholar
• 161 de Boer YS, Sherker AH. Herbal and dietary supplement-induced liver injury. Clin Liver Dis 2017; 21: 135-149
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 162 Arnold N. Contribution à la connaissance ethnobotanique et médicinale de la flore de Chypre. Tome III. Paris: Université René Descartes; 1985: 1203-1210
  Google Scholar
• 163 Muselli A, Desjobert JM, Paolini J, Bernardini AF, Costa J, Rosa A, Dessi MA. Chemical composition of the essential oils of Teucrium chamaedrys L. from Corsica and Sardinia. J Essent Oil Res 2009; 21: 138-143
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 164 Djabou N, Lorenzi V, Guinoiseau E, Andreani S, Giuliani MC, Desjobert JM, Bolla JM, Costa J, Berti L, Luciani A, Muselli A. Phytochemical composition of Corsican Teucrium essential oils and antibacterial activity against foodborne or toxi-infectious pathogens. Food Control 2013; 30: 354-363
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 165 Bezić N, Vuko E, Dunkić V, Ruščić M, Blažević I, Burčul F. Antiphytoviral activity of sesquiterpene-rich essential oils from four Croatian Teucrium species. Molecules 2011; 16: 8119-8129
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 166 Morteza-Semnani K, Akbarzadeh M, Rostami B. The essential oil composition of Teucrium chamaedrys L. from Iran. Flavour Frag J 2005; 20: 544-546
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 167 Kazemizadeh Z, Basiri A, Habibi Z. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Teucrium hyrcanicum and T. chamaedrys L. subsp. chamaedrys from Iran. Chem Nat Comp 2008; 44: 651-653
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 168 Hajdari A, Mustafa B, Hyseni L, Bajrami A, Mustafa G, Quave CL, Nebija D. Phytochemical study of eight medicinal plants of the lamiaceae family traditionally used as tea in the Sharri Mountains region of the Balkans. Sci World J 2020; 2020: 4182064
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 169 Kovacevic NN, Lakusic BS, Ristic MS. Composition of the essential oils of seven Teucrium species from Serbia and Montenegro. J Essent Oil Res 2001; 13: 163-165
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 170 Özel MZ, Göğüş F, Lewis AC. Determination of Teucrium chamaedrys volatiles by using direct thermal desorption-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1114: 164-169
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 171 Bagci E, Yazgin A, Hayta S, Cakilcioglu U. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. J Med Plants Res 2010; 4: 2588-2590
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 172 Küçük M, Güleç C, Yaşar A, Üçüncü O, Yayli N, Coşkunçelebi K, Terzioğlu S, Yayli N. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. chamaedrys, T. orientale var. puberulens, and T. chamaedrys subsp. lydium . Pharm Biol 2006; 44: 592-599
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 173 Kaya A, Demirci B, Başer KHC. Compositions of essential oils and trichomes of Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. trapezunticum Rech. fil. and subsp. syspirense (C. Koch) Rech. fil. Chem Biodivers 2009; 6: 96-104
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 174 Sajjadi SE, Shookohinia Y. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. syspirense (C. Koch) rech. fil. growing wild in Iran. J Esset Oil Bear Pl 2010; 13: 175-180
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 175 Tzakou O, Roussis V, Loukis A, Harvala C, Galati EM, Germanò MP. Essential oil analysis of Teucrium divaricatum Heldr. ssp. divaricatum growing in Greece. Flavour Fragr J 1997; 12: 113-115
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 176 Stanic G, Petricic J, Blazevic N, Plazibat M. Essential oil of Teucrium flavum L. from Croatia. J Essent Oil Res 1993; 5: 625-627
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 177 Menichini F, Conforti F, Rigano D, Formisano C, Piozzi F, Senatore F. Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and antitumour activities of four Teucrium essential oils from Greece. Food Chem 2009; 115: 679-686
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 178 Baher ZF, Mirza M. Volatile constituents of Teucrium flavum L. from Iran. J Essent Oil Res 2003; 15: 106-107
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 179 Presti ML, Crupi ML, Costa R, Dugo G, Mondello L, Ragusa S, Santi L. Seasonal variations of Teucrium flavum L. essential oil. J Essent Oil Res 2010; 22: 211-216
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 180 Sagratini G, Maggi F, Blek T, Papa F, Vittori S. Analysis of the volatile compounds of Teucrium flavum L. subsp. flavum (Lamiaceae) by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography with flame ionisation and mass spectrometric detection. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26: 1339-1347
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 181 Maggi F, Bilek T, Cristalli G, Papa F, Sagratini G, Vittori S. Comparison of the characterization of the fruit-like aroma of Teucrium flavum L. subsp. flavum by hydrodistillation and solid-phase micro-extraction. J Sci Food Agric 2009; 89: 2505-2518
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 182 Flamini G, Cioni PL, Baldini R, Maccioni S, Bedini G. Composition of the essential oil of two populations of Teucrium flavum L. subsp. flavum, collected on calcareous soil (Caprione – Eastern Liguria) and on ophiolitic soil (Leghorn Hills). Atti Soc Tosc Sci Nat Mem, Serie B 2011; 118: 15-21
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 183 Formisano C, Rigano D, Senatore F, Bruno M, Maggio A, Piozzi F. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Teucrium flavum ssp. flavum from Zakynthos, Greece. Rec Nat Prod 2012; 6: 306-310
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 184 Djabou N, Battesti MJ, Allali H, Desjobert JM, Varesi L, Costa J, Muselli A. Chemical and genetic differentiation of Corsican subspecies of Teucrium flavum L. Phytochemistry 2011; 72: 1390-1399
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 185 Hammami S, El Mokni R, Faidi K, Falconieric D, Piras A, Procedda S, Mighria Z, El Aouni MH. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from aerial parts of Teucrium flavum L. subsp. flavum growing spontaneously in Tunisia. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29: 2336-2340
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 186 Djabou N, Andreani S, Varesi L, Tomi F, Costa J, Muselli A. Analysis of the volatile fraction of Teucrium marum L. Flavour Fragr J 2013; 28: 14-24
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 187 Sanz J, Mus M, Rossello JA. Volatile components variation in the Teucrium marum complex (Lamiaceae) from the Balearic Islands. Bot J Linn Soc 2000; 132: 253-261
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 188 Ricci D, Fraternale D, Giamperi L, Bucchini A, Epifano F, Burini G, Curini M. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Teucrium marum (Lamiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 98: 195-200
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 189 Kaya A, Demirci B, Dinç M, Dogu S, Baser HC. Compositions of the essential oils of Teucrium cavernarum and Teucrium paederotoides, two endemic species from Turkey. J Essent Oil Bear Pl 2013; 16: 588-594
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 190 De Martino L, Formisano C, Mancini E, De Feo V, Piozzi F, Rigano D, Senatore F. Chemical composition and phytotoxic effects of essential oils from four Teucrium species. Nat Prod Commun 2010; 5: 1969-1976
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 191 Javidnia K, Miri R, Khosravi AR. Composition of the Essential Oil of Teucrium persicum Boiss. From Iran. J Essent Oil Res 2007; 19: 430-432
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 192 Masoudi S, Aghajani Z, Rustaiyan A, Feizbakhsh A, Kakhky AM. Volatile constituents of Teucrium persicum Boiss., Thymus caucasicus Willd. ex Ronniger subsp. grossheimii (Ronniger) Jalas. and Marrubium crassidens Boiss. three labiatae herbs growing wild in Iran. J Essent Oil Res 2009; 21: 5-7
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 193 Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro LR, Miguel MG, Proença da Cunha A. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the volatile components of Teucrium lusitanicum and Teucrium algarbiensis . J Chromatogr A 2004; 1033: 187-190
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 194 Hachicha SF, Skanji T, Barrek S, Zarrouk H, Ghrabi ZG. Chemical composition of Teucrium alopecurus essential oil from Tunisia. J Essent Oil Res 2007; 19: 413-415
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 195 Baser KHC, Demirci B, Duman H, Aytaç Z. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium antitauricum T. Ekim. J Essent Oil Res 1999; 11: 61-62
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 196 Elabbara FA, Habel AM, Bozkeh NMA, El-Tuonsi ATM, Awin TM. The essential oil composition of Teucrium apollinis (Lamiaceae) from Libya. Der Chemica Sinica 2014; 5: 26-27
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 197 Pérez I, Blázquez MA, Boira H. Chemotaxonomic value of the essential oil compounds in species of Teucrium pumilum aggregate. Phytochemistry 2000; 55: 397-401
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 198 Palá-Paúl J, Pérez-Alonso MJ, Velasco-Negueruela A, García-Jiménez N, Jiménez RG, Vargas L. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium carolipaui Pau grown in Spain. J Essent Oil Res 2001; 13: 452-453
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 199 Pérez-Alonso MJ, Velasco-Negueruela A, López-Sáez JA. The essential oils of two Iberian Teucrium species. J Essent Oil Res 1994; 5: 397-402
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 200 Gaspar H, Brito Palma FMS, de La Torre MC, Rodríguez B, Barroso JG, Figueiredo AC. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium haenseleri Boiss. Flavour Fragr J 1997; 12: 355-357
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 201 El-Shazly AM, Hussein KT. Chemical analysis and biological activities of the essential oil of Teucrium leucocladum Boiss. (Lamiaceae). Biochem Syst Ecol 2004; 32: 665-674
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 202 Blázquez MA, Pérez I, Boira H. Essential oil analysis of Teucrium libanitis and T. turredanum by GC and GC-MS. Flavour Fragr J 2003; 18: 497-501
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 203 Velasco-Nagueruela A, Perez Alonzo MJ. Volatile oils of Teucria species endemic to Spain. I. Teucium lusitanicum subsp. aureiformis . Anal Bromatol 1989; 21: 241-248
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 204 Al Oraimi MM, Al-Sabahi JN, Weli AM, Selim D, Akhtar MS, Al-Riyami Q, Al-Khanjari S. Chemical composition of essential oil of Tecurium mascatenses Bois grown in Oman. J Essent Oil Bear Pl 2012; 15: 822-826
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 205 Baser KHC, Demirçakmak B, Duman H. Composition of the essential oils of three Teucrium species from Turkey. J Essent Oil Res 1997; 9: 545-549
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 206 Vuković N, Milošević T, Sukdolak S, Solujić S. The chemical composition of the essential oil and the antibacterial activities of the essential oil and methanol extract of Teucrium montanum . J Serbian Chem Soc 2008; 73: 299-305
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 207 Vukovic N, Milosevi T, Sukdolak S, Solujic S. Antimicrobial activities of essential oil and methanol extract of Teucrium montanum . Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2007; 4 (Suppl. 01) 17-20
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 208 Radulović N, Dekić M, Joksović M, Vukićević R. Chemotaxonomy of Serbian Teucrium species inferred from essential oil chemical composition: the case of Teucrium scordium L. ssp. scordioides . Chem Biodivers 2012; 9: 106-122
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 209 Pavela R, Benelli G, Canale A, Maggi F, Mártonfi P. Exploring essential oils of Slovak medicinal plants for insecticidal activity: The case of Thymus alternans and Teucrium montanum subsp. jailae . Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138: 111203
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 210 Bendif H, Lazali M, Souilah N, Miara MD, Kazernavičiūtė R, Baranauskienė R, Venskutonis PR, Maggi F. Supercritical CO2 extracts and essential oils from Teucrium polium L. growing in Algeria: chemical composition and antioxidant activity. J Essent Oil Res 2018; 30: 488-497
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 211 Bendjabeur S, Benchabane O, Bensouici C, Hazzit M, Baaliouamer A, Bitam A. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of essential oils and ethanol extracts of Thymus algeriensis and Teucrium polium from Algeria. J Food Meas Charact 2018; 12: 2278-2288
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 212 Djabou N, Muselli A, Allali H, Dib MEA, Tabti B, Varesi L, Costa J. Chemical and genetic diversity of two Mediterranean subspecies of Teucrium polium L. Phytochemistry 2012; 83: 51-62
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 213 Fertout-Mouri N, Latrèche A, Mehdadi Z, Toumi-Bénali F, Khaled MB. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Teucrium polium L. of Tessala Mount (Western Algeria). Phytothérapie 2017; 15: 346-353
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 214 Belmekki N, Bendimerad N, Bekhechi C, Fernandez X. Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Teucrium polium L. essential oil from Western Algeria. J Med Plants Res 2013; 7: 897-902
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 215 Lograda T, Ramdani M, Chalard P, Figueredo G, Deghar A. Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Teucrium polium L. essential oil from Eastern Algeria. Am J Adv Drug Deliv 2014; 2: 697-710
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 216 Zouaoui N, Chenchouni H, Bouguerra A, Massouras T, Barkat M. Characterization of volatile organic compounds from six aromatic and medicinal plant species growing wild in North African drylands. NFS J 2020; 18: 19-28
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 217 Maizi Y, Meddah B, Meddah ATT, Hernandez JAG. Seasonal variation in essential oil content, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Teucrium polium L. growing in Mascara (North West of Algeria). J Appl Biotechnol Rep 2019; 6: 151-157
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 218 Chizzola R. Volatile compounds from some wild growing aromatic herbs of the Lamiaceae from southern France. Plant Biosyst 2006; 140: 206-210
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 219 Vokou D, Bessiere JM. Volatile constituents of Teucrium polium . J Nat Prod 1985; 48: 498-499
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 220 Eikani MH, Goodarznia I, Mirza M. Comparison between the essential oil and supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Teucrium polium L. J Essent Oil Res 1999; 11: 470-472
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 221 Ashnagar A, Gharib Naseri N, Foroozanfar S. Isolation and identification of the major chemical components found in the upper parts of Teucrium polium plants grown in Khuzestan Province of Iran. Chin J Chem 2007; 25: 1171-1173
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 222 Vahdani M, Faridi P, Zarshenas MM, Javadpour S, Abolhassanzadeh Z, Moradi N, Bakzadeh Z, Karmostaji A, Mohagheghzadeh A, Ghasemi Y. Major compounds and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from five Iranian endemic medicinal plants. Pharmacognosy Journal 2011; 3: 48-53
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 223 Zare P, Mahmoudi R, Ehsani A. Biochemical and antibacterial properties of essential oil from Teucrium polium using resazurin as the indicator of bacterial cell growth. Pharm Sci 2011; 17: 183-188
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 224 Gholivand MB, Piryaei M, Abolghasemi MM, Maassoumi SM. Rapid analysis of volatile components from Teucrium polium L. by nanoporous silica-polyaniline solid phase microextraction fibre. Phytochem Anal 2013; 24: 69-74
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 225 Sadeghi H, Jamalpoor S, Shirzadi MH. Variability in essential oil of Teucrium polium L. of different latitudinal populations. Ind Crops Prod 2014; 54: 130-134
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 226 Mahmoudi R, Nosratpour S. Teucrium polium L. essential oil: phytochemiacl component and antioxidant properties. Int Food Res J 2013; 20: 1697-1701
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 227 Mahmoudi R, Zare P, Hassanzadeh P, Nosratpour S. Effect of Teucrium polium essential oil on the physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic yoghurt. J Food Process Pres 2014; 38: 880-888
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 228 Mahmoudi R, Zare P, Nosratpour S. Application of Teucrium polium essential oil and Lactobacillus casei in yoghurt. J Essent Oil Bear Pl 2015; 18: 477-481
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 229 Raei F, Ashoori N, Eftekhar F, Yousefzadi M. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Teucrium polium essential oil against urinary isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae . J Essent Oil Res 2014; 26: 65-69
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 230 Keykavousi M, Tarzi BG, Mahmoudi R, Bahhoda H, Kabudari A, Mahalleh SFRP. Study of antibacterial effects of Teucrium polium essential oil on Bacillus cereus in cultural laboratory and commercial soup. Carpath J Food Sci Technol 2016; 8: 176-183
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 231 Sabzeghabaie A, Asgarpanah J. Essential oil composition of Teucrium polium L. fruits. J Essent Oil Res 2015; 28: 77-80
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 232 Sayyad R, Farahmandfar R. Influence of Teucrium polium L. essential oil on the oxidative stability of canola oil during storage. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54: 3073-3081
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 233 Boroomand N, Sadat-Hosseini M, Moghbeli M, Farajpour M. Phytochemical components, total phenol and mineral contents and antioxidant activity of six major medicinal plants from Rayen, Iran. Nat Prod Res 2018; 32: 564-567
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 234 Nikpour H, Mousavi M, Asadollahzadeh H. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Teucrium polium essential oil components by GC-MS coupled with MCR and PARAFAC methods. Phytochem Anal 2018; 29: 590-600
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 235 Masoudi S. Volatile constituents from different parts of three Lamiaceae herbs from Iran. Iran J Pharm Res 2018; 17: 365-376
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 236 Ebadollahi A, Taghinezhad E. Modeling and optimization of the insecticidal effects of Teucrium polium L. essential oil against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst) using response surface methodology. Inf Process Agric 2020; 7: 286-293
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 237 Moghtader M. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Teucrium polium L. from Iran. American-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 2009; 5: 843-846
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 238 Rowshan V, Najafian S. Comparison of volatile compounds in Teucrium polium L. by headspace and hydrodistillation techniques. Int J Appl Biol Pharm 2012; 3: 151-157
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 239 Purnavab S, Ketabchi S, Rowshan V. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract and essential oil of Iranian Teucrium polium against some of phytobacteria. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29: 1376-1379
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 240 Heydarzade A, Moravvej G. Contact toxicity and persistence of essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare, Teucrium polium and Satureja hortensis against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults. Turk Entomol Derg 2012; 36: 507-518
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 241 Aburjai T, Hudaib M, Cavrini V. Composition of the essential oil from Jordanian germander (Teucrium polium L.). J Essent Oil Res 2006; 18: 97-99
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 242 Afifi FU, Abu-Irmaileh BE, Al-Noubani RA. Comparative analysis of the essential oils of Teucrium polium L. grown in different arid and semiarid habitats in Jordan. Jordan J Pharma Sci 2009; 2: 42-52
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 243 Al-Qudah TS, Shibli RA, Alali FQ. In vitro propagation and secondary metabolites production in wild germander (Teucrium polium L.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 2011; 47: 496-505
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 244 Popović A, Šućur J, Orčić D, Štrbac P. Effects of essential oil formulations on the adult insect Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Col., Tenebrionidae). J Cent Eur Agric 2013; 14: 181-193
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 245 El Atki Y, Aouam I, El Kamari F, Taroq A, Lyoussi B, Oumokhtar B, Abdellaoui A. Phytochemistry, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two Moroccan Teucrium polium L. subspecies: Preventive approach against nosocomial infections. Arab J Chem 2020; 13: 3866-3874
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 246 Hussain J, Rehman NU, Al-Harrasi A, Ali L, Khan AL, Albroumi MA. Essential oil composition and nutrient analysis of selected medicinal plants in Sultanate of Oman. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2013; 3: 421-428
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 247 Rudakova Y, Popova O. Chemical composition of the essential oil of the Teucrium polium L. Clin Pharmacol 2016; 11: 425-428
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 248 Hassan MMA, Muhtadi FJ, Al-Badr AA. GLC-mass spectrometry of Teucrium polium oil. J Pharm Sci 1979; 68: 800-801
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 249 Ibrahim SR, Abdallah HM, Mohamed GA, Farag MA, Alshali KZ, Alsherif EA, Ross SA. Volatile oil profile of some Lamiaceous plants growing in Saudi Arabia and their biological activities. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci 2017; 72: 35-41
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 250 Basudan N, Abu-Gabal NS. Phytochemistry and biological properties investigation of Teucrium polium L. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2018; 8: 660-670
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 251 Guetata A, Al-Ghamdia FA. Analysis of the essential oil of the germander (Teucrium polium L.) aerial parts from the northern region of Saudi Arabia. Int J Appl Biol Pharm 2014; 5: 128-135
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 252 Al-Sarar AS, Hussein HI, Abobakr Y, Al-Zabib AAS, Bazeyad AY. Mosquitocidal and repellent activities of essential oils against Culex pipiens L. Entomol Res 2020; 50: 182-188
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 253 Skouti E, Kattah A, Alachkar A, Ben Hedda J, Vincieri F. Biochemical, antinociceptive and hepatotoxic effects of the chronic administration of Teucrium polium essential oil in rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012; 4 (Suppl. 03) 193-197
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 254 Boulila A, Béjaoui A, Messaoud C, Boussaid M. Variation of volatiles in Tunisian populations of Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae). Chem Biodivers 2008; 5: 1389-1400
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 255 Bakari S, Ncir M, Felhi S, Hajlaoui H, Saoudi M, Gharsallah N, Kadri A. Chemical composition and in vitro evaluation of total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant properties of essential oil and solvent extract from the aerial parts of Teucrium polium grown in Tunisia. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015; 24: 1943-1949
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 256 Essid R, Rahali FZ, Msaada K, Sghair I, Hammami M, Bouratbine A, Aoun K, Limam F. Antileishmanial and cytotoxic potential of essential oils from medicinal plants in Northern Tunisia. Ind Crops Prod 2015; 77: 795-802
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 257 Çakir A, Duru ME, Harmandar M, Ciriminna R, Passannanti S. Volatile constituents of Teucrium polium L. from Turkey. J Essent Oil Res 1998; 10: 113-115
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 258 Sevindik E, Abacı ZT, Yamaner C, Ayvaz M. Determination of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Teucrium polium and Achillea millefolium grown under North Anatolian ecological conditions. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 2016; 30: 375-380
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 259 Hayta S, Yazgin A, Bagci E. Constituents of the volatile oils of two Teucrium species from Turkey. Bitlis Eren Univ J Sci Technol 2017; 7: 140-144
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 260 Kamel A, Sandra P. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the volatile oils of two Teucrium polium varieties. Biochem Syst Ecol 1994; 22: 529-532
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 261 Kabouche A, Kabouche Z, Ghannadi A, Sajjadi SE. Analysis of the essential oil of Teucrium polium ssp. aurasiacum from Algeria. J Essent Oil Res 2007; 19: 44-46
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 262 Kabouche Z, Boutaghane N, Laggoune S, Kabouche A, Ait-Kaki Z, Benlabed K. Comparative antibacterial activity of five Lamiaceae essential oils from Algeria. Int J Aromather 2005; 15: 129-133
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 263 Bencheikh SE, Ladjel S, Goudjil MB, Mehani M, Zighmi S. Chemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Teucrium polium ssp. aurasianum Labiatae. Der Pharma Chem 2015; 7: 308-314
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 264 Kerbouche L, Hazzit M, Ferhat MA, Baaliouamer A, Miguel MG. Biological activities of essential oils and ethanol extracts of Teucrium polium subsp. capitatum (L.) Briq. and Origanum floribundum Munby. J Essent Oil Bear Pl 2015; 18: 1197-1208
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 265 Mitić V, Jovanović O, Stankov-Jovanović V, Zlatkovic B, Stojanovic G. Analysis of the essential oil of Teucrium polium ssp. capitatum from the Balkan Peninsula. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7: 83-86
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 266 Cozzani S, Muselli A, Desjobert JM, Bernardini AF, Tomi F, Casanova J. Chemical composition of essential oil of Teucrium polium subsp. capitatum (L.) from Corsica. Flavour Fragr J 2005; 20: 436-441
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 267 Koutsaviti A, Antonopoulou V, Vlassi A, Antonatos S, Michaelakis A, Papachristos DP, Tzakou O. Chemical composition and fumigant activity of essential oils from six plant families against Sitophilus oryzae (Col: Curculionidae). J Pest Sci 2018; 91: 873-886
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 268 Fanourioua E, Kalivasb D, Dafererac D, Tarantilisc P, Trigasd P, Vahamidisa P, Economoua G. Hippocratic medicinal flora on the Greek Island of Kos: Spatial distribution, assessment of soil conditions, essential oil content and chemotype analysis. J Appl Res Med Aromat Plants 2018; 9: 97-109
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 269 Khani A, Heydarian M. Fumigant and repellent properties of sesquiterpene-rich essential oil from Teucrium polium subsp. capitatum (L.). Asian Pac J Trop Med 2014; 7: 956-961
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 270 El Amri J, El Badaoui K, Haloui Z. The chemical composition and the antimicrobial properties of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Teucrium capitatum L. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017; 10: 112-115
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 271 Antunes T, Sevinate-Pinto I, Barroso JG, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro LR. Micromorphology of trichomes and composition of essential oil of Teucrium capitatum . Flavour Fragr J 2004; 19: 336-340
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 272 Othman MB, Bel Hadj Salah-Fatnassi K, Ncibi S, Elaissi A, Zourgui L. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil and aqueous and ethanol extracts of Teucrium polium L. subsp. gabesianum (L.H.) from Tunisia. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2017; 23: 723-729
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 273 Roukia H, Mahfoud HM, Didi OEM. Chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Teucrium polium geyrii (Labiatae). J Med Plants Res 2013; 7: 1506-1510
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 274 Allain P, El Oualidi J, Puech S, Pellecuer J. La variabilité chimique de lʼhuile essentielle chez Teucrium puechiae Greuter et Burdet sur le littoral Languedocien (France). Biochem Syst Ecol 1994; 22: 239-248
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 275 Lahmar A, Bedoui A, Mokdad-Bzeouich I, Dhaouifi Z, Kalboussi Z, Cheraif I, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Reversal of resistance in bacteria underlies synergistic effect of essential oils with conventional antibiotics. Microb Pathog 2017; 106: 50-59
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 276 Ghazouani N, Abderrabba M, Bouajila J. Teucrium ramosissimum (Lamiaceae): volatile composition, seasonal variation, and pharmaceutical activity. Anal Lett 2015; 49: 1258-1271
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 277 Ghazouani N, Sifaoui I, Bachrouch O, Abderrabba M, Pinero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. Essential oil composition and anti Acanthamoeba studies of Teucrium ramosissimum . Exp Parasitol 2017; 183: 207-211
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 278 Lahmar A, Morcuende D, Andrade MJ, Chekir-Ghedira L, Estévez M. Prolonging shelf life of lamb cutlets packed under high-oxygen modified atmosphere by spraying essential oils from North-African plants. Meat Sci 2018; 139: 56-64
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 279 Salah KBH, Mahjoub MA, Chaumont JP, Michel L, Millet-Clerc J, Chraeif I, Ammar S, Mighri Z, Aouni M. Chemical composition and in vitro antifungal and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Teucrium sauvagei Le Houerou. Nat Prod Res 2006; 20: 1089-1097
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 280 Al Yousuf MH, Bashir AK, Dobos Á, Veres K, Nagy G, Máthé I, Blunden G. The composition of the essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum from the United Arab Emirate. J Essent Oil Res 2002; 14: 47-48
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 281 Bakhtiari M, Asgarpanah J. Volatile constituents of Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. fruits from South of Iran. J Essent Oil Bear Pl 2015; 18: 1174-1179
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 282 Shah SMM, Ali Khan F, Ali M, Shah SMS, Afridi MS, Ullah N. Molecular profiling of the essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum collected at three different stages. Am-Eurasian J Toxicol Sci 2015; 7: 279-285
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 283 Shah SMM, Khan S, Shah SMH, Shah SMS. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of the essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. Am-Eurasian J Toxicol Sci 2016; 8: 42-46
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 284 Shah SMM, Ullah F, Shah SMH, Zahoor M, Sadiq A. Analysis of chemical constituents and antinociceptive potential of essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum Bioss collected from the North West of Pakistan. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012; 12: 244
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 285 Jaimand K, Rezaee MB, Soltanipoor MA, Mozaffarian V. Volatile constituents of Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. ssp. stocksianum from Iran. J Essent Oil Res 2006; 18: 476-477
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 286 Mojab F, Javidnia K, Yazdani D, Rustaiyan A. Essential oil of the aerial parts of Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. subsp. stocksianum (Lamiaceae) from Iran. Faslnamah-i Giyahan-i Daruyi 2003; 2: 49-53 60
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 287 Ali NAA, Ali NAA, Shari K, Chhetri BK, Dosoky NS, Setzer WN, Al-Fahad AJA, Wessjohann L. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Ocimum forskolei and Teucrium yemense (Lamiaceae) essential oils. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) 2017; 4: 17
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 288 Abdelshafeek KA, Elgattar AA, Zarkoon AH, Alwahash MA, Shahat AA. Investigation of the volatile oils, lipid constituents and biological activity of Ballota andreuzziana, Teucrium zanonii and Verbena tenuisecta in Libya. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2010; 3: 594-601
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 289 Mohan L, Pant CC, Melkani AB, Dev V. Terpenoid composition of the essential oils of Teucrium royleanum and T. quadrifarium . Nat Prod Commun 2010; 5: 939-942
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 290 Tandon S, Mittal AK. Insecticidal and growth inhibitory activity of essential oils of Boenninghausenia albiflora and Teucrium quadrifarium against Spilarctia obliqua . Biochem Syst Ecol 2018; 81: 70-73
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 291 Ahmadi L, Mirza M, Shahmir F. Essential oil of Teucrium melissoides Boiss. et Hausskn. ex Boiss. J Essent Oil Res 2002; 14: 355-356
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 292 Morteza-Semnani K, Saeedi M, Akbarzadeh M. Essential oil composition of Teucrium scordium L. Acta Pharm 2007; 57: 499-504
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 293 Sharififar F, Mahdavi Z, Mirtajaldini M, Purhematy A. Volatile constituents of aerial parts of Teucrium scordium L. from Iran. J Essent Oil Res 2010; 22: 202-204
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 294 Gagliano Candela R, Ilardi V, Badalamenti N, Bruno M, Rosselli S, Maggi F. Essential oil compositions of Teucrium fruticans, T. scordium subsp. scordioides and T. siculum growing in Sicily and Malta. Nat Prod Res 2020; DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1709193.
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 295 Velasco-Negueruela A, Pérez-Alonso MJ. The volatiles of six Teucrium species from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Phytochemistry 1990; 29: 1165-1169
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 296 Lawrence BM, Hogg JW, Terhune SJ, Morton JK, Gill LS. Terpenoid composition of some Canadian Labiatae. Phytochemistry 1972; 11: 2636-2638
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 297 Djabou N, Paolini J, Desjobert JM, Allali H, Baldovini N, Costa J, Muselli A. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile components of Teucrium massiliense L. – identification of 6-methyl-3-heptyl acetate as a new natural product. Flavour Fragr J 2010; 25: 475-487
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 298 Giamperi L, Bucchini A, Fraternale D, Cara P, Ricci D, Epifano F, Genovese S, Curini M. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Teucrium massiliense L. J Essent Oil Res 2008; 20: 446-449
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 299 Tahoum N, Arakrak A, Bakkali M, Jatunov SS, Franconetti AG, Guillen MG, Escribano FC, Laglaoui A. Chemical composition of essential oil of Teucrium pseudoscorodonia subsp. baeticum, endemic plant of north of Morocco. Int J Adv Res 2017; 5: 914-919
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 300 Saroglou V, Arfan M, Shabir A, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Skaltsa H. Composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Teucrium royleanum Wall. ex Benth growing in Pakistan. Flavour Fragr J 2007; 22: 154-157
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 301 Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro LR, Antunes T, Sevinate-Pinto I, Barroso JG. Composition of the essential oil and micromorphology of trichomes of Teucrium salviastrum, an endemic species from Portugal. Flavour Fragr J 2002; 17: 287-291
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 302 Servettaz O, Pinetti A, Bellesia F, Bini Malec L. Micromorphological and phytochemical research on Teucrium scorodonia and Teucrium siculum from the Italian Flora. Bot Acta 1994; 107: 416-421
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 303 Djabou N, Allali H, Battesti MJ, Tabti B, Cost J, Muselli A, Varesi L. Chemical and genetic differentiation of two Mediterranean subspecies of Teucrium scorodonia L. Phytochemistry 2012; 74: 123-132
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 304 Maccioni S, Baldini R, Tebano M, Cioni PL, Flamini G. Essential oil of Teucrium scorodonia L. ssp. scorodonia from Italy. Food Chem 2007; 104: 1393-1395
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 305 Makowczynska J, Sliwinska E, Kalemba D, Piatczak E, Wysokinska H. In vitro propagation, DNA content and essential oil composition of Teucrium scorodonia L. ssp. scorodonia. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 2016; 127: 1-13
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 306 Blazevic N, Kalodera Z, Petricic J, Plazibat M. Essential oil content and composition of Teucrium arduini L. J Essent Oil Res 1993; 4: 223-225
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 307 Dunkić V, Bezić N, Vuko E. Antiphytoviral activity of essential oil from endemic species Teucrium arduini . Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6: 1385-1388
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 308 Kremer D, Müller ID, Dunkić V, Vitali D, Stabentheiner E, Oberländer A, Bezić N, Kosalec I. Chemical traits and antimicrobial activity of endemic Teucrium arduini L. from Mt Biokovo (Croatia). Cent Eur J Biol 2012; 7: 941-947
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 309 Kremer D, Kosir IJ, Kosalec I, Koncic MZ, Potocnik T, Cerenak A, Bezic N, Srecec S, Dunkic V. Investigation of chemical compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Teucrium arduini L. (Lamiaceae). Curr Drug Targets 2013; 14: 1006-1014
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 310 Vukovic N, Sukdolak S, Solujic S, Mihailovic V, Mladenovic M, Stojanovic J, Stankovic MS. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Teucrium arduini essential oil and cirsimarin from Montenegro. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5: 1244-1250
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 311 Kremer D, Bolarić S, Ballian D, Bogunić F, Stesević D, Karlović K, Kosalec I, Vokurka A, Vuković Rodriguez J, Randić M, Bezić N, Dunkić V. Morphological, genetic and phytochemical variation of the endemic Teucrium arduini L. (Lamiaceae). Phytochemistry 2015; 116: 111-119
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 312 Kazemizadeh Z, Habibi Z, Moradi A. Chemical composition of the essential oils of two populations Teucrium hyrcanicum L. in two different localities. J Med Plants 2008; 7: 87-93
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 313 Mohammad AR, Vahideh N, Seyed AA, Fatemeh S. Variation in essential oil composition of Teucrium hyrcanicum L. from Iran-A rich source of (E)-α-bergamotene. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33: 1227-1232
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 314 Morteza-Semnani K, Saeedi M, Akbarzadeh M. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Teucrium hyrcanicum L. J Essent Oil Bear Pl 2011; 14: 770-775
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 315 Doğu S, Dinç M, Kaya A, Demirci B. Taxonomic status of the subspecies of Teucrium lamiifolium in Turkey: reevaluation based on macro- and micro-morphology, anatomy and chemistry. Nord J Bot 2013; 31: 198-207
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 316 Barroso JG, Pedro LG, Figueiredo AC, Antunes T, Sevinate-Pinto I, Scheffer JJC. The essential oils of two endemic Teucrium species from Madeira: T. abutiloides LʼHér. and T. betonicum LʼHér. Flavour Fragr J 1993; 8: 277-280
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 317 Barroso JG, Figueiredo AC, Pedro LG, Antunes T, Sevinate-Pinto I, Fontinha SS, Scheffer JJC. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium heteropbyllum LʼHér. grown on Madeira. Flavour Fragr J 1996; 11: 129-132
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 318 Velasco-Negueruela A, Pérez-Alonso MJ, Palá-Paul J, Ramos-Vázquez P, De Páz PLP, Vallejo MCG. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium heterophyllum lʼHér. grown in the Canary Islands. J Essent Oil Res 1999; 11: 553-555
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 319 Semiz G, Çelik G, Gönen E, Semiz A. Essential oil composition, antioxidant activity and phenolic content of endemic Teucrium alyssifolium Staph. (Lamiaceae). Nat Prod Res 2016; 30: 2225-2229
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 320 Valentini G, Bellomaria B, Arnold N. Essential oil of Teucrium creticum L. from Cyprus. J Essent Oil Res 1997; 9: 649-652
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 321 Flamini G, Cioni PL, Morelli I, Maccioni S, Monti G. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium fruticans L. from the Maremma Regional Park (Tuscany, Italy). Flavour Fragr J 2001; 16: 367-369
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 322 Polat T, Özer H, Öztürk E, Çakir A, Kandemir A, Demir Y. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Teucrium multicaule Montbret et Aucher ex Bentham from Turkey. J Essent Oil Res 2010; 22: 443-445
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 323 Aberumand M, Asgarpanah J. Essential oil composition of Teucrium orientale subsp. glabrescens from Iran. Chem Nat Comp 2017; 53: 381-382
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 324 Özek G, Özek T, Dinç M, Doğu S, Başera KHC. Chemical diversity of volatiles of Teucrium orientale L. var. orientale, var. puberulens, and var. glabrescens determined by simultaneous GC-FID and GC/MS techniques. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9: 1144-1154
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 325 Yildirmis S, Aliyaziciogl R, Eyupoglu OE, Ozgen U, Alpay Karaoglu S. Biological activity and characterization of volatile compounds of Teucrium orientale var. glabrescens by SPME and GC-FID/MS. J Food Biochem 2017; 41: e12284
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 326 Javidnia K, Miri R. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium orientate L. ssp. orientate from Iran. J Essent Oil Res 2003; 15: 118-119
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 327 Yildirim A, Cakir A, Mavi A, Yalcin M, Fauler G, Taskesenligil Y. The variation of antioxidant activities and chemical composition of essential oils of Teucrium orientale L. var. orientale during harvesting stages. Flavour Fragr J 2004; 19: 367-372
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 328 Kucukbay FZ, Yildiz B, Kuyumcu E, Gunal S. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Teucrium orientale var. orientale and Teucrium orientale var. puberulens . Chem Nat Comp 2011; 47: 833-836
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 329 Amiri H. Antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Teucrium orientale (L.) subsp. taylori (Boiss.) Rech. F. Iran J Pharm Res 2010; 9: 417-423
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 330 Amiri H. Chemical composition of essential oil of Teucrium orientate L. subsp. taylori (Boiss.) Rech. f. J Med Plants 2008; 7: 100-104
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 331 Bagci E, Hayta S, Yazgin A, Dogan G. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium parviflorum L. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5: 3457-3460
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 332 Jaradat N, Al-lahham S, Abualhasan MN, Bakri A, Zaide H, Hammad J, Hussein F, Issa L, Mousa A, Speih R. Chemical constituents, antioxidant, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and cytotoxic activities of Teucrium pruinosum Boiss. essential oil. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018: 4034689
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 333 Hammami S, Jmii H, El Mokni R, Khmiri A, Faidi K, Dhaouadi H, El Aouni MH, Aouni M, Joshi RK. Essential oil composition, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antiviral activities of Teucrium pseudochamaepitys growing spontaneously in Tunisia. Molecules 2015; 20: 20426-20433
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 334 Kabouche A, Touafek O, Nacer A, Kabouche Z, Bruneau C. Volatile oil constituents of Teucrium atratum Pomel from Algeria. J Essent Oil Res 2006; 18: 175-177
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 335 Ruberto G, Baratta MT. Antioxidant activity of selected essential oil components in two lipid model systems. Food Chem 2000; 69: 167-174
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 336 Smahane B, Mounyr B, Faisl B, Stephane M, Sghir TM, Dalila B. Antimicrobial activities of essential oil of five plant species from Morocco against some microbial strains. Int J Res Phytochem Pharmacol 2016; 8: 1901-1906
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 337 NIH National Library of Medicine. PubChem. Accessed March 30, 2020 at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  Google Scholar
• 338 Kani K, Momota Y, Harada H, Yamamura Y, Aota K, Yamanoi T, Takano H, Motegi K, Azuma M. γ-Tocotrienol enhances the chemosensitivity of human oral cancer cells to docetaxel through the downregulation of the expression of NF-κB-regulated anti-apoptotic gene products. Int J Oncol 2013; 42: 75-82
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 339 Abdollahi M, Karimpour H, Monsef-Esfehani HR. Antinociceptive effects of Teucrium polium L. total extract and essential oil in mouse writhing test. Pharmacol Res 2003; 48: 31-35
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 340 Abbas G, Albroumi MA, Rehman N, Hussain H, Al Harrasi AS. Evaluation of essential oils from Boswellia sacra and Teucrium mascatense against acetyl cholinesterase enzyme and urease enzyme. Int J Phytomed 2016; 8: 500-505
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 341 Ben Sghaier M, Boubaker J, Neffati A, Limem I, Skandrani I, Bhouri W, Bouhlel I, Kilani S, Chekir-Ghedira L, Ghedira K. Antimutagenic and antioxidant potentials of Teucrium ramosissimum essential oil. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7: 1754-1763
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 342 Bigham M, Hosseininaveh V, Nabavi B, Talebi K, Esmaeilzadeh N. Effects of essential oil from Teucrium polium on some digestive enzyme activities of Musca domestica . Entomol Res 2010; 40: 37-45
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 343 Shahriari M, Sahebzadeh N, Zibaee A. Effect of Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) essential oil on digestive enzyme activities and energy reserves of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Invertebrate Surviv J 2017; 14: 182-189
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 344 Ebadollahi A, Sendi JJ, Aliakbar A, Razmjou J. Acaricidal activities of essential oils from Satureja hortensis (L.) and Teucrium polium (L.) against the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Egypt J Biol Pest Control 2015; 25: 171-176
  PubMedGoogle Scholar