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Planta Med 2012; 78(7): 658-664
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298333
Biological and Pharmacological Activity
Original Papers
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

In Vitro and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Essential Oils and Chemical Components from Three Medicinal Plants Found in Northeastern Brazil

Magaly L. Mota1 , Lis Tavares Coelho Lobo1 , José M. Galberto da Costa2 , Leandro S. Costa3 , Hugo A. O. Rocha3 , Luiz F. Rocha e Silva4 , 5 , Adrian M. Pohlit5 , Valter F. de Andrade Neto1
  • 1Laboratório de Biologia da Malária e Toxoplasmose, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
  • 2Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Brazil
  • 3Laboratório de Biopolímeros, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
  • 4Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
  • 5Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
Further Information

Publication History

received August 17, 2011 revised February 7, 2012

accepted February 10, 2012

Publication Date:
22 March 2012 (online)

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Abstract

The prophylactic and therapeutic arsenal against malaria is quite restricted and all the antimalarials currently in use have limitations. Thus, there is a need to investigate medicinal plants in the search for phytochemicals which can be developed into drugs. In our investigation, essential oils (EOs) were obtained from Vanillosmopsis arborea (Gardner) Baker, Lippia sidoides Cham. and Croton zehntneri Pax & K. Hoffm., aromatic plants abundant in northeastern Brazil, which are found in the caatinga region and are used in traditional medicine. The chemical composition of these EOs was characterized by GC-MS, and monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were well represented. We assessed the in vitro activity of these EOs and also individual EO chemical components against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (K1 strain) and the in vivo activity of EOs in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. The acute toxicity of these oils was assessed in healthy mice and in vitro cytotoxicity was determined at different concentrations against HeLa cells and mice macrophages. The EO of V. arborea was partially active only when using the subcutaneous route (inhibited from 33 up to 47 %). In relation to the EOs, L. sidoides and C. zehntneri were active only by the oral route (per gavage) and partially inhibited the growth of P. berghei from 43 up to 55 % and showed good activity against P. falciparum in vitro (IC50 = 7.00, 10.50, and 15.20 µg/mL, respectively). Individual EO constituents α-bisabolol, estragole, and thymol also exhibited good activity against P. falciparum (IC50 = 5.00, 30.70, and 4.50 µg/mL, respectively). This is the first study showing evidence for the antimalarial activity of these species from northeastern Brazil and the low toxicity of their EOs.

Key words

Vanillosmopsis arborea (Asteraceae) - Lippia sidoides (Verbenaceae) - Croton zehntneri (Euphorbiaceae) - estragole - α-bisabolol - thymol - antimalarial activity

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Prof. Valter Ferreira de Andrade Neto, Ph.D.

Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology
Rio Grande do Norte Federal University, Campus Universitário

Av. Senador Salgado Filho, Lagoa Nova

CEP 69061-000 – Natal – RN

Brazil

Phone: +55 84 32 15 34 37-226

Fax: +55 84 32 11 92 10

Email: aneto@cb.ufrn.br

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