Osteologie 2019; 28(04): 278-282
DOI: 10.1055/a-1002-4121
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Osteoporose/Frakturen bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung

Osteoporosis and fracture in people with intellectual disability
Stefan Grund
1   Geriatrisches Zentrum Heidelberg, Abteilung für Geriatrie und Geriatrische Rehabilitation, Agaplesion Bethanien Krankenhaus Heidelberg
,
Gisela Büchele
2   Institute für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Universtität Ulm
,
Kilian Rapp
3   Klinik für Geriatrische Rehabilitation und Abteilung für Geriatrie, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

08/02/2019

08/23/2019

Publication Date:
14 November 2019 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Osteoporose und Frakturen treten bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung häufig auf, werden aber dafür zu selten diagnostiziert. Die Ursachen für das erhöhte Risiko einer Osteoporose und die ebenfalls erhöhte Sturzrate sind vielfältig. Immobilität, verminderte Sonnenlichtexposition, hormonelle Störungen zum Beispiel im Rahmen eines Hypogonadismus, antiepileptische und antipsychotische Medikamente und aus der Behinderung folgende Balanceprobleme gehören dazu. Die Diagnostik von Osteoporose und Frakturen kann bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung erschwert sein. Einschränkungen in der Kommunikation erhöhen die Gefahr, Frakturen verzögert zu diagnostizieren oder gar zu übersehen. Ein frühes Screening auf Osteoporose, die Berücksichtigung von Risikofaktoren und eine individuelle Behandlung der Osteoporose sind notwendig. Gleichzeitig sind Sturzpräventionsmaßnahmen wie z. B. körperliches Training oder eine Anpassung der Umgebung sinnvoll.

Abstract

Osteoporosis and fractures are common and frequently under-diagnosed in persons with intellectual disability. There are multiple reasons for the increased risk of osteoporosis and falls. Examples are immobility, low sunlight exposure, hormone deficiency (e. g. in people with hypogonadism), antiepileptic and antipsychotic drugs or disability-associated balance disturbances. The diagnosis of osteoporosis and fractures is challenging in persons with intellectual disability. Due to an impaired communication the diagnosis of fractures may be delayed or even overseen. An early screening of osteoporosis, the consideration of its risk factors, and an individual treatment approach of the osteoporosis are necessary. At the same time fall prevention measures like strength and balance training or an adaptation of the environment may be useful.

 
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