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Planta Med 2022; 88(09/10): 814-825
DOI: 10.1055/a-1803-3259
Natural Product Chemistry and Analytical Studies
Original Papers

Pressurized Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Galanthamine and Related Alkaloids from Narcissus pseudonarcissus [ # ]

Orchidea Rachmaniah
1   Institute Technology of Sepuluh Nopember, Chemical Engineering Department, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Erica G. Wilson
2   Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
Young Hae Choi 
2   Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
4   College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
,
Geert-Jan Witkamp
3   King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biology and Environmental Science and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
,
Robert Verpoorte 
2   Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
› Author AffiliationsSupported by: This research was funded by Directorate General for Higher Education (DGHE), Ministry of Education and Culture of The Republic of Indonesia via DIKTI PhD grant (Batch IV-2010) for O.R.
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Abstract

The isolation of a compound from a natural source involves many organic and mostly toxic solvents for extraction and purification. Natural deep eutectic solvents have been shown to be efficient options for the extraction of natural products. They have the advantage of being composed of abundantly available common primary metabolites, being nontoxic and environmentally safe solvents. The aim of this study was to develop a natural deep eutectic solvent-based extraction method for galanthamine, an important therapeutic agent for the treatment of Alzheimerʼs disease. This alkaloid can be produced by synthesis or by extraction from Narcissus bulbs. To develop an efficient extraction method, a number of different natural deep eutectic solvents was first tested for their solubilization capacity of galanthamine bromide salt. Promising results were obtained for ionic liquids, as well as some amphoteric and acidic natural deep eutectic solvents. In a two-cycle extraction process, the best solvents were tested for the extraction of galanthamine from bulbs. The ionic liquids produced poor yields, and the best results were obtained with some acid and sugar mixtures, among which malic acid-sucrose-water (1 : 1 : 5) proved to be the best, showing similar yields to that of the exhaustive Soxhlet extraction with methanol. Furthermore, the natural deep eutectic solvent was more selective for galanthamine.

Key words

alkaloids - extraction - eutectic - NADES - Narcissus pseudonarcissus - Amaryllidaceae - pressurized extraction - galanthamine

# Dedicated to Professor Dr. A. Douglas Kinghorn on the occasion of his 75th birthday.




Publication History

Received: 05 December 2021

Accepted after revision: 12 March 2022

Accepted Manuscript online:
18 March 2022

Article published online:
25 April 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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