Skip to main content

The ‘War without a Name’, the French Army and the Algerians: Recovering Experiences, Images and Testimonies

  • Chapter
The Algerian War and the French Army, 1954–62

Abstract

Jules Roy, pied-noir writer and veteran of the Second World War and Indochina, could have been speaking of Algeria when he claimed that: ‘It was hardly worth going to war against the Nazis only to become the Nazis of Indochina.’2

They had the taste for liberty, the sense of justice and the instinct for generosity. They wanted to create a multiracial, free, fraternal and prosperous society, to set an example for a world divided between rich and poor peoples. One word symbolised their ambition: ‘integration’! Opposite under the striking red and green banner of Islam, the enemy preached racial hatred and religious fanaticism, the arbitrary terrorism of a one-party dictatorship… To win the hearts of the population, they turned themselves into medical orderlies, administrators, water irrigation project managers, overseers of the rural economy… To protect them, they also became policemen, judges and executioners.3

I recognised the lump in my throat, that impotent and furious disgust: it was what I used to feel on catching sight of a member of the SS. French army uniforms today caused me to shudder just as I did at the sight of swastikas. I observed those young boys smiling in their camouflage uniform… Yes, I was living in a city under occupation, and I loathed the occupying forces with more distress than I did those of the 1940s [because of all the links I had with them].1

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Simone de Beauvoir, La Force des Choses (Paris: Gallimard, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. Pouget, ‘L’honneur des capitaines’, in P. Héduy (ed.), Algérie française, 1942–1962 (Paris: Société de Production Littéraire, 1980), p. 366.

    Google Scholar 

  3. See M. Cornaton, Les Camps de regroupement de la guerre d’Algérie (Paris: L’Harmattan, 1998);

    Google Scholar 

  4. K. Sutton and R. I. Lawless, ‘Population regrouping in Algeria: traumatic change and the rural settlement pattern’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 3: 3 (1978), pp. 331–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. See M. Evans, ‘La Lutte continue…? Contemporary history and Algeria’, History Today, 47: 2 (February 1997), pp. 10–12.

    Google Scholar 

  6. P. Oulmont, ‘Patriotisme et nationalisme au miroir de la guerre d’Algérie’, Historiens et géographes, 89 (1998), pp. 293–307.

    Google Scholar 

  7. By contrast, for less inhibited ways of teaching French colonial history in France, the USA and Britain, and for revealing how film, literature and history can be imaginatively combined, see A. L. Conklin, ‘Boundaries unbound: teaching French history as colonial history and colonial history as French history’, French Historical Studies, 23: 2 (Spring 2000), pp. 215–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. See H. Remouan, ‘Pratiques historiographiques et mythes de fondation: le cas de la guerre de libération à travers les institutions algériennes d’éducation et de recherche’ in C.-R. Ageron (ed.), La guerre d’Algérie et les Algériens, 1954–1962 (Paris: Armand Colin, 1997), pp. 305–21 (esp. the section entitled ‘L’insurrection du 1er novembre comme mythe fondateur’, pp. 315–17).

    Google Scholar 

  9. As other recent ‘inconvenient’ aspects of French history had been, notably the Vichy period with its ambiguities of collaboration and survival. See H. Rousso, The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France since 1944 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994). Rousso’s approach has also influenced Benjamin Stora’s methodologies in examining the Algerian case: see

    Google Scholar 

  10. B. Stora, La gangrène et l’oubli. La mémoire de la guerre d’Algérie (Paris: La Découverte, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Quoted in R. Vinen, France, 1934–1970 (Basingstoke: Macmillan — now Palgrave Macmillan, 1996), p. 163.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Cf. P. Éveno and J. Planchais, La guerre d’Algérie. Dossier et témoignages réunis et présentés par Patrick Éveno et Jean Planchais (Paris: Editions La Découverte and Le Monde Editions, 1989); also Trente ans après: Nouvelles de la guerre d’Algérie (Paris: Le Monde Editions, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  13. See M. Touili, Le retentissement de la révolution algérienne. Colloque international d’Alger (24–28 novembre 1984) (Algiers: Entreprise National du Livre, 1985); also P. Bernard, ‘L’Algérie trente ans après’ Le Monde, 9 November 1984, p. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  14. See F. Bédarida (ed.), La guerre d’Algérie et les chrétiens (Paris: Bulletin de l’IHTP, 1988);

    Google Scholar 

  15. J.-F. Sirinelli and J.-P. Rioux (eds), La guerre d’Algérie et les intellectuels (Brussels: Complexe, 1988);

    Google Scholar 

  16. J.-P. Rioux (ed.), La guerre d’Algérie et les français (Paris: Fayard, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  17. See the illustrated commemorative 30th anniversary album by A. Tristan, Le silence du fleuve: octobre 1961 (Bezons: Au nom de la mémoire, 1991); also 17 octobre 1961. Mémoire d’une communauté (Paris: Editions d’Actualité de l’Emigration/Amicale des Algériens en Europe, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  18. G. Boulanger, Papon, un intrus dans la République (Paris: Seuil, 1997), p. 240. Cf.

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. J. Golsan, ‘Memory’s bombes à retardement: Maurice Papon, crimes against humanity and 17 October 1961’, Journal of European Studies, 28: 1 (1998), pp. 153–72;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. N. MacMaster and J. House, ‘“Une journée portée disparue”: the Paris massacre of 1961 and memory’, in K. Mouré and M. S. Alexander (eds), Crisis and Renewal in France, 1918–1962 (New York: Berghahn, 2002), pp. 267–90;

    Google Scholar 

  21. J.-L. Einaudi, La Bataille de Paris, 17 octobre 1961 (Paris: Seuil, 1991);

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Levine, Les ratonnades d’Octobre. Un meurtre collectif à Paris en 1961 (Paris: Editions Ramsay, 1985);

    Google Scholar 

  23. B. Violet, Le Dossier Papon (Paris: Flammarion, 1997), pp. 107–37.

    Google Scholar 

  24. See M. Evans, ‘From colonialism to post-colonialism: the French empire since Napoleon’, in M. S. Alexander (ed.), French History since Napoleon (London: Arnold, 1999), pp. 391–415. Cf.

    Google Scholar 

  25. D. Schalk, ‘Has France’s marrying her century cured the Algerian syndrome?’, Historical Reflections, 25 (1999), pp. 149–64.

    Google Scholar 

  26. P. Aussaresses, Services spéciaux: Algérie, 1955–1957 (Paris: Perrin, 2001). This was extensively discussed on publication: see G. Elgey, ‘Crimes de la guerre d’Algérie: divulguer pour ne pas répéter’, Le Monde, 5 May 2001, pp. 1, 16; M. Tubiana, ‘Plus de décorations pour Aussaresses et ses pareils’, ibid., p. 16; P. Georges, ‘Pour la France’, ibid., p. 34; also (unattrib.), ‘Les aveux du général Aussaresses suscitent une grande émotion en Algérie’; N. Weill, ‘La torture en Algérie entre tabou, occultation et mémoire’; J. Isnard, ‘Le Service historique des armées veut protéger les militaires qui se confient à lui’, all in Le Monde, 8 May 2001, p. 5; P. Vidal-Naquet, ‘Arrière victoire’, Le Monde, 12 May 2001, pp. 1, 14; M. Harbi, ‘Un passé de tortures qui ne passe pas’, ibid., p. 14

    Google Scholar 

  27. Le Monde, 23 November 2000; also S. Thénault, ‘Armée et justice en guerre d’Algérie’, Vingtième Siècle, 57 (1998), pp. 104–14. Cf.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. J. Massu, La vraie bataille d’Alger (Paris: Plon, 1971);

    Google Scholar 

  29. A.-G. Minella, Le soldat méconnu. Entretiens avec le général Massu (Paris: Marne, 1993);

    Google Scholar 

  30. J.-J. Jordi and G. Pervillé (eds), Alger 1940–1962. Une ville en guerre (Paris: Autrement, 1999), pp. 126–85.

    Google Scholar 

  31. A. Horne, A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954–1962 (London: Macmillan — now Palgrave Macmillan, 1977), p. 538;

    Google Scholar 

  32. J. Talbott, The War Without a Name. France in Algeria, 1954–1962 (London: Faber & Faber, 1981), p. 246.

    Google Scholar 

  33. See E. Michels, Deutsche in der Fremdenlegion 1870–1965. Mythen und Realitäten (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  34. See M. Faivre, ‘Les Français musulmans dans la guerre d’Algérie. 1. De l’engagement à la mobilisation’, and M. Bodin, ‘D’une guerre à l’autre: l’évolution de l’état d’esprit des soldats algériens (1947–1956)’, Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains, 177 (January 1994), pp. 139–65, 166–83 respectively; also

    Google Scholar 

  35. M. Faivre, Les combattants musulmans de la guerre d’Algérie, des soldats sacrifiés (Paris: L’Harmattan, 1995), pp. 159–61.

    Google Scholar 

  36. P. Messmer, Les Blancs s’en vont. Récits de décolonisation (Paris: Albin Michel, 1998), p. 172.

    Google Scholar 

  37. See C.-R. Ageron, ‘Complots et purges dans l’armée de libération algérienne (1958–1961)’, Vingtième Siècle, 59 (1998), pp. 15–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. The personal testimonies recorded for the film are published in P. Rotman and B. Tavernier, La guerre sans nom. Les appelés d’Algérie, 1954–1962 (Paris: Seuil, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  39. F. Field, Three French Writers and the Great War: Studies in the Rise of Communism and Fascism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  40. See R. Dalisson, ‘La célébration du 11 novembre ou l’enjeu de la mémoire combattante dans l’entre-deux-guerres (1918–1939)’, Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains, 192 (1998), pp. 5–23.

    Google Scholar 

  41. See A. Thomson, Anzac Memories (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), which explores the way in which the image of the damaged Vietnam veterans facilitated a more receptive mood to alternative perspectives on the impact of war experiences in place of previously dominant masculine narratives. Cf.

    Google Scholar 

  42. D. M. Shafer, ‘The Vietnam combat experience: the human legacy’, in Shafer (ed.), The Legacy: The Vietnam War in the American Imagination (Boston: Beacon Press, 1990); and S. Hoffmann, ‘Algérie et Vietnam’, Le Monde, 11 May 1990, p. 27.

    Google Scholar 

  43. See M. Evans ‘Rehabilitating the traumatized war veteran: the case of French conscripts from the Algerian War, 1954–1962’, in M. Evans and K. Lunn (eds), War and Memory in the Twentieth Century (Oxford; Berg: 1997), pp. 73–85; also Internet site ‘Collectif National “Justice pour les Harkis” et leurs families’, http://www.chez.com/justiceharkis.

    Google Scholar 

  44. J. Winter, ‘The generation of memory: reflections on the “memory boom” in contemporary historical studies’, Bulletin of the German Historical Institute, 27 (Fall 2000), pp. 69–92;

    Google Scholar 

  45. P. Nora, Realms of Memory: The Construction of the French Past (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996); see also G. Eley, foreword to Evans and Lunn, War and Memory, pp. vii-xiii.

    Google Scholar 

  46. See J. Bourke, An Intimate History of Killing: Face to Face Killing in 20th Century Warfare (London: Granta, 1999); also

    Google Scholar 

  47. J. Bourke, Dismembering the Male. Men’s Bodies, Britain and the Great War (London: Reaktion Books, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  48. See C. R. Browning, Ordinary Men. Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland (New York: Harper Collins, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  49. See M. Evans, The Memory of Resistance. French Opposition to the Algerian War (1954–1962) (Oxford: Berg, 1997), pp. 105–8.

    Google Scholar 

  50. See M. S. Alexander, ‘Seeking France’s “Lost Soldiers”: reflections on the French military crisis in Algeria’, in Mouré and Alexander (eds), Crisis and Renewal in France, pp. 242–66; M. S. Alexander, ‘Duty, discipline and authority: the French officer elites between professionalism and politics, 1900–1962’, in N. Atkin and F. Tallett (eds), The Right in France since 1789 (London: I. B. Tauris, 1998), pp. 129–59.

    Google Scholar 

  51. FLN supporters in France who clandestinely smuggled documents, leaflets and money between the metropole and Algeria. See D. Djerbal, ‘La question des voies et moyens de la Guerre de libération nationale en territoire français’, in Ageron (ed.), La guerre d’Algérie et les Algériens, pp. 111–35; and L. Hamon and P. Rotman, Les porteurs de valise (Paris: Albin Michel, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  52. See M. Thomas, ‘Order before reform: the spread of French military operations in Algeria, 1954–1958’, in D. Killingray and D. Omissi (eds), Guardians of Empire (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999), pp. 198–220.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Cf. G. Mattéi, La guerre des gusses (Paris: Balland, 1982; reissued by Editions de l’Aube, 1995);

    Google Scholar 

  54. J. Roy, La guerre d’Algérie (Paris: Julliard, 1960); also

    Google Scholar 

  55. J. Roy, Mémoires barbares (Paris: Albin Michel, 1989);

    Google Scholar 

  56. J.-J. Servan-Schreiber, Lieutenant in Algeria (London: Faber, 1958);

    Google Scholar 

  57. J.-J. Servan-Schreiber, Lieutenant in Algeria (London: Faber, 1958); also J.-J. Servan-Schreiber, Passions (Paris: Fayard, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  58. See A.-M. Duranton-Crabol, Le temps de l’OAS (Brussels: Complexe, 1995);

    Google Scholar 

  59. J.-J. Susini, Histoire de l’OAS (Paris: La Table Ronde, 1963);

    Google Scholar 

  60. R. Kauffer, L’OAS. Histoire d’une Organisation secrète (Paris: Fayard, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  61. A. Derradji, The Algerian Guerrilla Campaign Strategy and Tactics (Lewiston, NY and Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, 1997); cf. J. G., ‘L’organisation de base de l’Armée de Libération Nationale’, Les Temps Modernes, 175–6 (October-November 1960), pp. 531–7.

    Google Scholar 

  62. B. Stora, Histoire de la guerre d’Algérie (1954–1962) (Paris: Editions La Découverte, 1993), p. 89; the high mortality from accidents is also drawn out in the film La Guerre sans nom.

    Google Scholar 

  63. See J. Kessler, ‘La surveillance des frontières maritimes de l’Algérie, 1954–1962’, RHA, 187 (June 1992), pp. 94–101;

    Google Scholar 

  64. B. Estival, De Port Said à Port Say (Paris: Editions les 7 Vents, 1991), pp. 129–41; also B. Estival, The role of the Navy in littoral defence in the Algerian War’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 25: 2 (2002);

    Google Scholar 

  65. P. Boureille, ‘La marine et la guerre d’Algérie: périodisation et typologie des actions’ in J.-C. Jauffret and M. Vaïsse, Militaires et guérillas dans la guerre d’Algérie (Brussels: Editions Complexe, 2001), pp. 91–114.

    Google Scholar 

  66. On Perrault see the interview in Stora’s documentary Les Années algériennes broadcast on TFI in 1991; on de Saint-Marc see his Mémoires. Les champs de braises (Paris: Perrin, 1995); Helie de Saint-Marc, Les sentinelles du soir (Paris: Editions des Arènes, 1999);

    Google Scholar 

  67. L. Beccaria, Hélie de Saint-Marc (Paris: Perrin, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  68. J. Lartéguy, Les Centurions (Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1959).

    Google Scholar 

  69. See D. Joly, The French Communist Party and the Algerian War (Basingstoke: Macmillan — now Palgrave Macmillan, 1991).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  70. See M. Bloch, L’Etrange Défaite. Témoignage écrit en 1940 (Paris: Editions Franc-Tireur, 1946); English trans, by

    Google Scholar 

  71. G. Hopkins as Strange Defeat: A Statement of Evidence Written in 1940 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  72. X. Grall, La Génération du Djebel (Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  73. M. Matéos-Ruiz, L’Algérie des appelés, (Biarritz: Editions Atlantica, 1998), p. 48.

    Google Scholar 

  74. See M. Péju, ‘Mourir pour de Gaulle?’, Les Temps Modernes, 175–6 (October–November 1960), pp. 481–502.

    Google Scholar 

  75. See R. Delpard, 20 ans pendant la guerre d’Algérie: générations sacrifiées (Neuilly-sur-Seine: Editions Michel Lafon, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  76. NSC Policy No. 5911/1, 4 November 1959, National Archives, Suitland/College Park, Maryland, in Y. H. Zoubir, ‘The United States, the Soviet Union and decolonisation of the Maghreb, 1945–1962’, Middle Eastern Studies, 31: 1 (January 1995), pp. 58–84 (quotation p. 75).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. See Y. H. Zoubir, ‘US and Soviet policies towards France’s struggle with anti-colonial nationalism in North Africa’, Canadian Journal of History, 30: 4 (December 1995), pp. 439–66.

    Google Scholar 

  78. See L. S. Kaplan, D. Artaud and M. R. Rubin (eds), Dien Bien Phu and the Crisis of Franco-American Relations, 1954–1955 (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  79. M. Harbi, Aux origines du FLN (Paris: Editions Bourgois, 1975); Le FLN: mirage et réalité, des origines à la prise du pouvoir (1945–1962) (Paris: Editions Jeune Afrique, 1980); Les Archives de la Révolution algérienne (Paris: Editions Jeune Afrique, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  80. C.-R. Ageron, ‘Un aspect de la guerre d’Algérie: la propagande radiophonique du FLN et des Etats arabes’, in Ageron (ed.), La guerre d’Algérie et les Algériens, pp. 245–59; R. J. Bookmiller, ‘The Algerian war of words: broadcasting and revolution, 1954–62’, Maghreb Review, 14: 3–4 (1989), pp. 196–213.

    Google Scholar 

  81. See P.-A. Léger, Aux carrefours de la guerre (Paris: Plon, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  82. See M. Thomas, ‘France accused: French North Africa before the United Nations, 1952–1962’, Contemporary European History, 10:1 (March 2001), pp. 91–121; also M. Vai’sse, ‘La Guerre perdue à l’ONU ?’, in Rioux (ed.), La Guerre d’Algérie et les Français, pp. 451–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. See A. Haroun, La 7e wilaya. La guerre du FLN en France (Paris: Seuil, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  84. On the Soummam Congress see M. Kettle, De Gaulle and Algeria 1940–60 (London: Quartet Books, 1993), pp. 67–9.

    Google Scholar 

  85. See C.-R. Ageron, ‘Une dimension de la guerre d’Algérie: les “regroupements” des populations’, in Jauffret and Vaïsse (eds), Militaires et guérilla dans la guerre d’Algérie, pp. 327–62; K. Sutton, ‘The influence of military policy on Algerian rural settlement’, Geographical Review, 71: 4 (October 1981), pp. 379–94; also

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. K. Sutton, ‘Army administration tensions over Algeria’s Centres de Regroupement, 1954–1962’, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 26: 2 (1999), pp. 243–70; and

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. K. Sutton, ‘The Centres de Regroupement: the French Army’s final legacy to Algeria’s settlement geography’, in A. G. Hargreaves and M. J. Heffernan (eds), French and Algerian Identities from Colonial Times to the Present (Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, 1993), pp. 163–88.

    Google Scholar 

  88. P. Bourdieu, The Algerians (Boston: Beacon Press, 1962, preface by Raymond Aron), p. 184; this book is a translation of Bourdieu’s Sociologie de l’Algérie (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1958).

    Google Scholar 

  89. G. Tillion, L’Algérie en 1957 (Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1957), esp. pp. 68–9.

    Google Scholar 

  90. See Talbott, War Without a Name, pp. 10–36; J. K. Gosnell, The Politics of Frenchness in Colonial Algeria, 1930–1954, (Ann Arbor, MI: UMI dissertation services, 1999);

    Google Scholar 

  91. B. Stora, Histoire de l’Algérie coloniale 1830–1954 (Paris: La Découverte, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  92. See I. Backouche, ‘L’Algérie et les actualités cinématographiques Gaumont: analyse et perception d’une crise’, Historiens et Géographes, 89 (1998), pp. 373–90.

    Google Scholar 

  93. P. Dine, Images of the Algerian War: French Fiction and Film, 1954–1992 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), p. 132.

    Google Scholar 

  94. For a pioneering methodological approach on this issue see, N. Aggoun, ‘L’opinion publique algérienne du Chélif algérois à la veille de l’insurrection de 1954 par les sources orales ou la vision des colonisés’, in R. Goutalier (ed.), Mémoires de la colonisation: relations colonisateurs-colonisés (Paris: L’Harmattan, 1994), pp. 35–47.

    Google Scholar 

  95. See G. Carreras, On les appelait les Harkis … (Paris: L’Harmattan, 1997); Algérie 1954–1962, pp. 165–6; Minella, Le Soldat méconnu, pp. 213–17;

    Google Scholar 

  96. G. Fleury, Le Combat des Harkis (Paris: Editions Les 7 Vents, 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  97. M. Challe, Notre révolte (Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  98. P. Hovette, Capitaine en Algérie (Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1978), p. 12.

    Google Scholar 

  99. See V. Ortuno, Mort pour une chose morte (Paris: Julliard, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  100. Mattéi, La guerre des gusses; D. Zimmermann, Nouvelles de la zone interdite (Paris: L’Instant, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  101. G. Périot, Deuxième classe en Algérie (Paris: Flammarion, 1962), p. 219.

    Google Scholar 

  102. See, for instance, J. Blanchard, Le Problème Algérien. Réalités et perspectives (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1955); Tillion, L’Algérie en 1957, pp. 55–9, 71–4, 111–21.

    Google Scholar 

  103. See E. Behr, The Algerian Problem (London: Hodder & Stoughton and Penguin Books, 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  104. See M. Connelly, ‘Taking off the Cold War lens: visions of North-South conflict during the Algerian War for independence’, American Historical Review, 105: 3 (June 2000), pp. 739–69; also

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. I. M. Wall, ‘The United States, Algeria and the fall of the Fourth French Republic’, Diplomatic History, 18: 4 (Fall 1994), pp. 489–511; also

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. I. M. Wall, France, the United States and the Algerian War (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001);

    Book  Google Scholar 

  107. M. Thomas, The French North African Crisis: Colonial Breakdown and Anglo-French Relations, 1945–62 (Basingstoke: Macmillan — now Palgrave Macmillan, 2000), pp. 158–78.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  108. See J. Frémeaux, ‘La guerre d’Algérie et le Sahara’, in Ageron (ed.), La guerre d’Algérie et les Algériens, pp. 93–109; Frémeaux, Le monde arabe et la sécurité de la France depuis 1958 (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1995), pp. 13–15, 24–8, 34–49. Cf.

    Google Scholar 

  109. T. Smith, The French Stake in Algeria, 1945–1962 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1978); also

    Google Scholar 

  110. T. Smith, ‘The French economic stake in colonial Algeria’, French Historical Studies, IX: 1 (Spring 1975), pp. 184–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. See Thomas, The French North African Crisis, esp. pp. 138–56; and M. Thomas, ‘The dilemmas of an ally of France: Britain’s policy towards the Algerian rebellion 1954–62’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 23: 1 (January 1995), pp. 129–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. See, however, C.-R. Ageron, ‘L’opinion française à travers les sondages’ in Rioux, La Guerre d’Algérie et les Français, pp. 25–44; J. Talbott, ‘French public opinion and the Algerian War: a research note’, French Historical Studies, IX: 2 (Fall 1975), pp. 354–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. M. Lemalet, Lettres d’Algérie, 1954–1962. La guerre des appelés. La mémoire d’une génération (Paris: J.-C. Lattès, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  114. P. Videlier, ‘Tardive redécouverte de la guerre d’Algérie’, Le maghreb face à la contestation islamiste. Manière de voir, 24 (November 1994), pp. 92–4.

    Google Scholar 

  115. C. Mauss-Copeaux, Appelés en Algérie. La parole confisquée (Paris: Hachette, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  116. The French army, navy and air force archives of the Algerian War have been progressively released since 1992, while foreign ministry documents and many collections of private papers are also becoming steadily more accessible (albeit some still dependent on ministerial dérogation). See Introduction à l’étude des Archives de l’Algérie (Vincennes: Service Historique de l’Armée de Terre [SHAT], 1992); and J. Nicot, P. Schillinger and C. Obert, Inventaire des Archives de l’Algérie. Sous-série 1H. Tome II (1945–1967) (Vincennes: SHAT, 1994). Particularly helpful are the volumes of original documents appearing under the editorship of

    Google Scholar 

  117. J.-C. Jauffret: La Guerre d’Algérie par les Documents. Tome 1. L’Avertissement, 1943–1946 (Vincennes: Publications du SHAT, 1990); Tôme 2. Les Portes de la Guerre, 1946–1954 (Vincennes: Publications du SHAT, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2002 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Alexander, M.S., Evans, M., Keiger, J.F.V. (2002). The ‘War without a Name’, the French Army and the Algerians: Recovering Experiences, Images and Testimonies. In: Alexander, M.S., Evans, M., Keiger, J.F.V. (eds) The Algerian War and the French Army, 1954–62. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230500952_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230500952_1

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-349-41638-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-230-50095-2

  • eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics