Abstract
Research on global migration continues to be mainly about adult migration (Castles and Miller 2003), and the migration of children and young people is generally subsumed within that of adults or conceptualized as a separate, almost exceptional, phenomenon (Donà 2006). Yet, children and young people are increasingly part of global migration circuits (Hashim and Thorsen 2011; Salazar Parreñas 2005), and many of them simultaneously grow up and move, having to negotiate new ways of belonging (Ni Laoire et al. 2011) and develop new coping strategies and resilience (Ensor and Gozdziak 2010).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
African Rights (2003) The Gisimba Memorial Centre: No Place for Fear (London: African Rights).
Ahearn, F. L., and Athey, G. L. (eds) (1991) Refugee Children: Theory, Research and Services (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).
Anat, B. (2012) ‘The Palestinian Diaspora on the Web: Between De-territorialisation and Re-territorialisation’, Social Science Information, 51(4), 459–474.
Arora, P. (2012) ‘Typology of Web 2.0 Spheres: Understanding the Cultural Dimensions of Social Media Spaces’, Current Sociology, online doi: 10.1177/0011392112440439.
Back, M., and von Brömssen, K. (2010) ‘Interrogating Childhood and Diaspora through the Voices of Children in Sweden’, Childhood, 17(1), 113–128.
Barker, J. (2009) ‘Driven to Distraction? Children’s Experiences of Car Travel’, Mobilities, 4(1), 59–76.
Barker, J., Kraftl, P., Horton, J., and Tucker, F. (2009) ‘The Road Less Travelled: New Directions in Children’s Mobility’, Mobilities, 4(1), 1–10.
Benwell, M. C. (2009) ‘Challenging Minority World Privilege: Children’s Outside Mobilities in Post-apartheid South Africa’, Mobilities, 4(1), 77–101.
Bernal, V. (2006) ‘Diaspora, Cyberspace and Political Imagination: The Eritrean Diaspora Online’, Global Networks, 6(2), 161–179.
Brettell, C. B., and Hollifield, J. F. (eds) (2013) Migration Theory: Talking across Disciplines (New York: Routledge).
Buliung, R. N. (2011) ‘Wired People in Wired Places: Stories about Machines and the Geography of Activity’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 101(6), 1365–1381.
Castles, S. (2002) ‘Migration and Community Formation under Conditions of Globalization’, International Migration Review, 36(4), 1143–1168.
Castles, S., and Miller, M. J. (2003) The Age of Migration (New York: Guilford Press).
Crush J., Eberhardt, C., Caesar, M., Chikanda, A., Pendleton, W., and Hill, A. (2012) ‘Diaspora on the Web: New Networks, New Methodologies’ in C. Vargas Silva (ed) Handbook of Research Methods in Migration (Oxford: Oxford University), 345–365.
Daiute, C. (2010) Human Development and Political Violence (New York: Cambridge University Press).
De Smet, J. (1998) ‘Child Marriages in Rwandan Refugee Camps’, Africa, 68(2), 211–237.
Des Forges, A. (1999) Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda (New York: Human Rights Watch).
Diamini, N. S., and Anuza, U. (2009) ‘Trans-nationalism, Social Identities and African Youth in the Canadian Diaspora’, Social Identities, 15(2), 227–242.
Dicks, B., Mason, B., Coffey, A., and Atkinson, P. (2005) Qualitative Research and Hypermedia: Ethnography for the Digital Age (London: Sage).
Diminescu, D. (2012) ‘Introduction: Digital Methods for the Exploration, Analysis and Mapping of E-Diasporas’, Social Science Information, 51, 451–458.
Donà, G. (2001) The Rwandan Experience of Fostering Separated Children (Stockholm: Radda Barnen).
Donà, G. (2006) ‘Changing Migration Patterns and Responses in the Context of Child and Youth Forced Migration’, International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 2(2), 2–6.
Donà, G. (2010) ‘Collective Suffering and Cyber-memorialisation in Post-genocide Rwanda’, in M. Broderick and A. Traverso (eds) Trauma, Media, Art: New Perspectives (Newcastle on Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press), 16–35.
Donà, G. (2011) ‘Researching Children and Violence in Evolving Socio-political Contexts’ in J. Pottier, L. Hammond, and C. Cramer (eds), Caught in the Crossfire: Ethical and Methodological Challenges to Researching Violence in Africa (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers), 39–59.
Donà, G. (2012) ‘Being Young and of Mixed Ethnicity’, Forced Migration Review, 40, 16–17. <www.fmreview.org/young-and-out-of-place>. Accessed 14 April 2014.
Donà, G., Mukakizima, B., Muramutsa, F., and Kefyalew, F. (1998). An Impact Study of Family Reunification (Kigali, Rwanda: SCF UK and University College Cork).
Eide, K., and Hjern, A. (2013) ‘Unaccompanied Refugee Children: Vulnerability and Agency’, Acta Paediatrica, doi: 10.1111/apa.12258.
Ensor, M. O., and Gozdziak, E. M. (eds) (2010) Children and Migration: At the Crossroads of Resiliency and Migration (London: Palgrave).
Fortunati, L., Pertierra, R., and Vincent, J. (eds) (2012) Migration, Diaspora and Information Technology in Global Societies (London: Routledge).
Gill, N., Caletrio, J., and Mason, V. (2011) ‘Introduction: Mobilities and Forced Migration’, Mobilities, 6(3), 301–316
Gladwell, C., and Elwin, H. (2012) ‘Broken Futures: Young Afghan Asylum Seekers in the UK and on Return to Their Country of Origin’, New Issues in Refugee Research, Research Paper 246 (Geneva: UNHCR).
Glick-Schiller, N. (2010) ‘A Global Perspective on Transnational Migration: Theorizing Migration without Methodological Nationalism’ in R. Bauböck and T. Faist (eds), Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods (Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam and IMISCOE).
Gough, K. V., and Franch, M. (2005) ‘Spaces of the Street: Socio-spatial Mobility and Exclusion of Youth in Recife’, Children’s Geographies, 3(2), 149–166.
Green, G., and Lockley, E. G. (2012) ‘Communications Practices of the Karen in Sheffield: Seeking to Navigate Their Three Zones of Displacement’, Asian Journal of Communication, 22(6), 566–583.
Gupta, L. (1996) Exposure to War-Related Violence among Rwandan Children and Adolescents: A Brief Report on the National Baseline Trauma Survey (Kigali: UNICEF).
Hannam, K., Sheller, M., and Urry, J. (2006) Editorial: Mobilities, Immobilities and Moorings’, Mobilities, 1(1), 1–22.
Hashim, I., and Thorsen, D. (2011) Child Migration in Africa (London: Zed Books).
Helton, A. C. (2002) The Price of Indifference: Refugee and Humanitarian Action in the New Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Horst, C. (2006) ‘In “Virtual Dialogue” with the Somali Community: The Value of Electronic Media for Research amongst Refugee Diasporas’, Refuge, 23(1), 51–57.
Jensen, O. B. (2009) ‘Flows of Meaning, Cultures of Movements: Urban Mobility as Meaningful Everyday Life Practice’, Mobilities, 4(1), 139–158.
Kaplan, S. (2013) ‘Child Survivors of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide and Trauma-Related Affect’, Journal of Social Issues, 69(1), 92–110.
Kearns, R., and Collins, D. (2003) ‘Crossing Roads, Crossing Boundaries: Autonomy, Authority and Risk in a Child Pedestrian Safety Initiative’, Space and Polity, 7(2), 193–212.
Kozinets, R. V. (2010) Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online (London: Sage).
Leung, L. (2011) ‘Taking Refuge in Technology: Communications Practices in Refugee Camps and Immigration Detention’, New Issues in Refugee Research, Research Paper No, 202 (Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees).
MacCallin, M. (ed.) (1996) The Psychological Well-Being of Refugee Children: Research, Practice and Policy Issues, 2nd ed. (Geneva: International Catholic Child Bureau).
Marcus, G. E. (1995) ‘Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 95–117.
Mason, V. (2011) ‘The Im/mobilities of Iraqi Refugees in Jordan: Pan-Arabism, “Hospitality” and the Figure of the “Refugee”’, Mobilities, 6(3), 353–373.
Mazzucchelli, F. (2012) ‘What Remains of Yugoslavia? From the Geopolitical Space of Yugoslavia to the Virtual Space of the Web Yugosphere’, Social Science Information, 51, 631–648.
Meda, L., Sookrajh, R., and Maharaj, B. (2012) ‘Refugee Children in South Africa: Access and Challenges to Achieving Universal Primary Education’, Africa Education Review, 9(1), S152-S168 (UNHCR 2012).
Mills, M., and Blossfeld, H. (2005) ‘Globalization, Uncertainty and the Early Life Course: A Theoretical Framework’ in H. Blossfeld, E. Klijzing, M. Mills, and K. Kurz (eds) Globalization, Uncertainty and Youth in Society (London: Routledge), 1–24.
Mountz, A. (2011) ‘Specters at the Port of Entry: Understanding State Mobilities through an Ontology of Exclusion’, Mobilities, 6(3), 317–334.
Muggeridge, H., and Donà, G. (2006) ‘Back Home? Refugees’ Experiences of the First Visit Back to Their Country of Origin’, Journal of Refugee Studies, 19(4), 415–432.
Ni Laoire, C., Carpena-Mendez, F., Tyrrell, N., and White, A. (2011) Childhood and Migration in Europe: Portraits of Mobility, Identity and Belonging in Contemporary Ireland (Farnham, Surry: Ashgate).
Ní Raghallaigh, M., and Gilligan, R. (2010) ‘Active Survival in the Lives of Unaccompanied Minors: Coping Strategies, Resilience, and the Relevance of Religion’, Child and Family Social Work, 15(2), 226–237.
Pullan, W. (2013) ‘Conflicts’ Tools: Borders, Boundaries and Mobility in Jerusalem’s Spatial Structures’, Mobilities, 8(1), 125–147.
Rubagiza, J., Were, E., and Sutherland, R. (2011) ‘Introducing ICT into Schools in Rwanda: Educational Challenges and Opportunities’, International Journal of Educational Development, 31(1), 37–43.
Salazar Parreñas, R. (2005) Children of Global Migration: Transnational Families and Gendered Woes (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).
Schaal, S., and Elbert, T. (2006) ‘Ten Years after the Genocide: Trauma Confrontation and Post-traumatic Stress in Rwandan Adolescents’, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(1), 95–105.
Sturgess, P., and Philips, C. (2009) ‘Enhancing Internet Literacy as a Health Promotion Strategy for Refugees and Migrants’, Health Promotion Journal of Australian, 20(3), 247.
Veale, A., and Donà, G. (2002) ‘Psychosocial Interventions and Children’s Rights: Beyond Clinical Interventions’, Peace and Conflict, 8(1), 47–61.
Veale, A., and Donà, G. (2003) ‘Street Children and Political Violence: A Socio-demographic Analysis of Street Children in Rwanda’, Child Abuse and Neglect, 27(3), 253–269.
Veale, A., Donà, G., Muramutsa, F., Iyakaremye, I., Mukakizima. B., and Kalinganire, C. (1998) Situation Analysis of Street Children in Rwanda (Kigali: UNICEF, Italian Cooperation, Rwandan Government and UCC).
Zimmermann, S. E. (2011) ‘Reconsidering the Problem of “Bogus” Refugees with “Socio-economic” Motivations for Seeking Asylum’, Mobilities, 6(3), 335–352.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2014 Giorgia Donà
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Donà, G. (2014). Forced Migration, and Material and Virtual Mobility among Rwandan Children and Young People. In: Veale, A., Donà, G. (eds) Child and Youth Migration. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137280671_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137280671_6
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-44783-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-28067-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social Sciences CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)