Skip to main content

A Pedagogical Continuum: The Journey from Face-to-Face to Online Teaching

  • Chapter

Abstract

As the number of blended and online courses rapidly increases, it is essential that we have an understanding of the roles and activities that make up the work of an online instructor. The move towards web-enhanced or online learning offers not only new opportunities, but also new challenges for both instructors and students (Downing & Dyment, 2013). There is a need for knowledge of how to work effectively online, and effective preparation of high-quality instructors is of fundamental importance to meet the diverse needs of learners. This is particularly important in the field of teacher education where the instructor is modelling appropriate pedagogical practices that may in turn be picked up by the pre-service teachers as part of their practices when teaching with technology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander, C, & Hammond, T. C. (2012). Five-picture charades: a flexible model for technology training in digital media tools and teaching strategies. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 22(1), 55–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, I., & Seaman, J. (2006). Making the grade: online education in the United States, 2006. Retrieved from http://sloanconsortium.org/publications/survey/pdf/making_the_grade.pdf/publications/survey/pdf/making_the_grade.pdf

  • Allen, I., & Seaman, J. (2013). Changing course: ten years of tracking online education in the United States. Babson Park, MA: Babson Survey Research Group and Quahog Research Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, T., Rourke, L., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (2001). Assessing teacher presence in a computer conferencing context. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 5(2), 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berge, Z. L. (1995). Facilitating computer conferencing: recommendations from the field. Educational Technology & Society, 15(1), 22–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berge, Z. L., & Collins, M. R (2000). Perceptions of E-Moderators about their roles and functions in moderating electronic mailing lists. Distance Education, 21(1), 81–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonk, C., & Dennen, V. (2003). Frameworks for research, design, benchmarks, training, and pedagogy in web-based distance education. In M. Moor & W. Anderson (Eds.), Handbook of distance education (pp. 331–348). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boudreau, A.Z., Headley S., & Ashford, R. (2009). Immersive virtual worlds in educational practice: introducing educators to Second Life. In T. Bastiaens (Ed.), Proceedings of World Conference on ELearning in Corporate Government Healthcare and Higher Education 2009 (pp. 2076–2081). Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, D. (2004). University instructors’ reflections on their first online teaching experiences. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 8(2), 31–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Vries, Y. E. (1996). The interactivity component of distance learning implemented in an art studio course. Education, 117(2), 180–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diekelmann, N., Schuster, R., & Nosek, C. (1998). Creating new pedagogies at the millennium: the common experience of the University of Wisconsin-Madison teachers using distance education technologies. Teaching with Technology Today. Retrieved from http://www.uwsa.edu/ttt/98.pdf/ttt/98.pdf

  • Downing, J. J., & Dyment, J. E. (2013). Teacher educators’ readiness, preparation, and perceptions of preparing preservice teachers in a fully online environment: an exploratory study. The Teacher Educator, 48(2), 96–109. doi: 10.1080/08878730.2012.760023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dziuban, C, Hartman, J. L., Cavanagh, T. B., & Moskal, P. D. (2011). Blended courses as drivers of institutional transformation. In A. Kitchenham (Ed.), Blended learning across disciplines: models for implementation (pp. 17–37). Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dziuban, C, & Moskal, P. (2001). Emerging research issues in distributed learning. Retrieved from http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~rite/Presentations/Sloanwkshp.ppt/~rite/Presentations/Sloanwkshp.ppt

  • Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2–3), 87–105. doi: 10.1016/S1096–7516(00)00016–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunawardena, C. N. (1990). Integrating telecommunication systems to reach distance learners. American Journal of Distance Education, 4(3), 38–46. doi: 10.1080/08923649009526715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunawardena, C. N., & Zittle, F. J. (1997). Social presence as a predictor of satisfaction within a computer-mediated conferencing environment. American Journal of Distance Education, 11(3), 8–26. doi: 10.1080/08923649709526970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hativa, N., & Goodyear, P. (2001). Teacher thinking, beliefs and knowledge in higher education. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauswirth, M., Euzenat, J., Friel, O., Griffin, K., Hession, P., Jennings, B.,…, Polleres, A. (2010). Towards consolidated presence. Retrieved from http://axel.deri.ie/~axepol/publications/hausw-etal-2010CollaborateCom.pdf/~axepol/publications/hausw-etal-2010CollaborateCom.pdf

  • Kanuka, H., & Garrison, D. R. (2004). Cognitive presence in online learning. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 15(2), 30–49. doi: 10.1007/BF02940928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K. J., & Bonk, C. J. (2006). The future of online teaching and learning in higher education. Educause Quarterly, 29, 22–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, K. P. (2004). Both sides now: examining transformative learning and professional development of educators. Innovative Higher Education, 29(2), 155–174. doi: 10.1023/B:IHIE.0000048796.60390.5f

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreijns, K., Kirschner, P. A., Jochems, W., & Van Buuren, H. (2011). Measuring perceived social presence in distributed learning groups. Education and Information Technologies, 16(4), 365–381. doi: 10.1007/sl0639–010–9135–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzo, G., Oblinger, D., & Dziuban, C. (2007). How choice, co-creation, and culture are changing what it means to be net savvy: technology and the way information is created, used, and disseminated have changed, as has the definition of ‘net savvy’. Educause Quarterly, 30(1), 6–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, R. (1991). Moderating educational computer conferencing. Deosnews, 1(19), 91–00011.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, B. K., Mims, N. G., Bennett, E., & Waugh, M. (2000). Needs, concerns and practices of online instructors. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 3(3). Retrieved from http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall33/mckenzie33.html/~distance/ojdla/fall33/mckenzie33.html

  • McQuiggan, C. A. (2007). The role of faculty development in online teaching’s potential to question teaching beliefs and assumptions. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 10(3). Retrieved from http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/falll03/mcquigganl03.htm/~distance/ojdla/falll03/mcquigganl03.htm

  • Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., Bakia, M., & Jones, K. (2009). Evaluation of evidence-based practices in online learning: a meta-analysis and review of online learning studies. Washington, DC: US Department of Education, Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, L. V., Xu, H., & Finnegan, C. L. (2005). Roles of faculty in teaching asynchronous undergraduate courses. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9(1), 65–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muirhead, W. D. (2000). Online education in schools. International Journal of Educational Management, 14(7), 315–324. doi: 10.1108/09513540010378969

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R. (2001). Assuring the quality of online learning in Australian higher education. In M. Wallace, A. Ellis, & D. Newton (Eds.), Proceedings of Moving Online II Conference (pp. 222–231). Lismore, NSW, Australia: Southern Cross University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osguthorpe, R., & Graham, C. R. (2003). Blended learning environments: definition and directions. The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 4(3), 227–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palloff, R. M., & Pratt, K. (2003). The virtual student: a profile and guide to working with online learners. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palloff, R. M., & Pratt, K. (2013). Lessons from the virtual classroom: the realities of online teaching. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramage, T. R. (2001). The ‘No significant difference’ phenomenon: a literature review. Journal of Instructional Science and Technology, 5(1), 345–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, S. (2012). The changed role of professor in online courses. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design, 2(1), 21–36. doi: 10.4018/ijopcd.2012010102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, J., & Swan, K. (2003). Examining social presence in online courses in relation to students’ perceived learning and satisfaction. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 7(1), 68–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, T. L. (1999). The no significant difference phenomenon. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, G. (2011). E- moder@ting: the key to teaching and learning online (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • San Jose, D. L., & Kelleher, T. (2009). Measuring ecoshockand affective learning: a comparison of student responses to online and face-to-face learning ecologies. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 5(3), 469–476.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sockman, B. R., & Sharma, P. (2008). Struggling toward a transformative model of instruction: it’s not so easy! Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(4), 1070–1082. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2007.11.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton, L. A. (2001). The principle of vicarious interaction in computer-mediated communications. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 7(3), 223–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twigg, C. A. (2004). Improving learning and reducing costs: lessons learned from round III of the Pew Grant program in course redesign. Retrieved from http://www.thencat.org/PCR/RdIIILessons.pdf/PCR/RdIIILessons.pdf

  • Vandergrift, K. E. (2002). The anatomy of a distance education course: a case study analysis. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 6(1), 76–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volery T., & Lord, D. (2000). Critical success factors in online education. International Journal of Educational Management, 14(5), 216–223. doi: 10.1108/09513540010344731

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, J. F. (2007). A national primer on K-12 online learning. Retrieved from http://olms.noinc.com/olms/data/resource/3707/National%20Primer%20 on%20K-12%20Online%20Learning.pdf/olms/data/resource/3707/National%20Primer%20 on%20K-12%20Online%20Learning.pdf

  • Wellington, J. (2000). Educational research: contemporary issues and practical approaches. London, UK: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xin, C. (2012). A critique of the community of inquiry framework. The Journal of Distance Education, 26(1), 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2015 Petrea Redmond

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Redmond, P. (2015). A Pedagogical Continuum: The Journey from Face-to-Face to Online Teaching. In: Redmond, P., Lock, J., Danaher, P.A. (eds) Educational Innovations and Contemporary Technologies. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137468611_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics