Lizard diversity on a rainforest–savanna altitude gradient in north-eastern Australia
A. S. Kutt A C , B. L. Bateman B and E. P. Vanderduys A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, PMB PO, Aitkenvale, Qld 4814, Australia.
B Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email alex.kutt@bigpond.com
Australian Journal of Zoology 59(2) 86-94 https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO11036
Submitted: 25 May 2011 Accepted: 30 August 2011 Published: 7 October 2011
Abstract
Mountain ecosystems act as natural experiments for investigating the relationship between environmental heterogeneity and species diversity. A review of the global altitudinal distribution of reptiles identified a diverse range of patterns driven by climate and taxonomy. No Australian examples were included in this analysis. We addressed this gap by surveying the reptile assemblage along an altitude gradient from upland rainforest (~1000 m) through to open savanna woodlands (~350 m) in north-eastern Australia. Reptiles were sampled on four separate occasions between May 2006 and November 2007. Thirty-six species, representing seven families, were recorded along the gradient. As we used only diurnal active searching, snakes and nocturnal geckoes were probably under-sampled; thus we considered only lizards in the analysis of altitude pattern. Lizard species richness peaked at the mid-altitudes (600–900 m, 11–12 spp.) and abundance highest at the lower (<500 m) and higher (>800 m) zones. This pattern is likely a factor of both the increase in radiant heat sources (reduced canopy cover) and increased species packing due to the diversity of niches available (presence of rock cover and increase in saxicolous species). In the lower-altitude sites the high abundance of few species seems linked to the dominance of disturbance-tolerant species. We conclude that lizard richness and abundance patterns on this transect are not necessarily exhibiting a mid-domain effect, but instead are a function of species-specific ecological and habitat requirements.
Additional keywords: tropical, species richness, abundance, niche, Carlia, ecotone.
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