Adjustment in Egypt? The political economy of reform

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Review of African Political Economy

Volume 21, Issue 60

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Adjustment in Egypt? The political economy of reform

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Author(s): Simon Bromley ^a , Ray Bush ^a

Publication date (Print): June 1994

Journal: Review of African Political Economy

Publisher: Review of African Political Economy

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Abstract

This article examines the nature of structural adjustment in Egypt. It situates the policies of the International Financial Institutions within the context of Egypt's economic and political crisis and the efficacy of their policies of liberalisation in agriculture and for economic growth. The IFIs are promoting policies for rolling back the state but they are not addressing issues of ‘good governance’ and democratisation. It is tempting to conclude that the current international strategy for economic reform is a repeat of the failed policies twenty years ago of Anwar Sadat's infitah.

Content

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): crea20

Journal ID (archive): CREA

Title: Review of African Political Economy

Publisher: Review of African Political Economy

ISSN (Print): 0305-6244

ISSN (Electronic): 1740-1720

Publication date (Print): June 1994

Volume: 21

Issue: 60

Pages: 201-213

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^a Department of Politics , University of Leeds , UK

Article

Publisher ID: 8704056 Coden ID: Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 21, No. 60, June 1994, pp. 201-213

DOI: 10.1080/03056249408704056

SO-VID: 1cf9056b-abbe-4272-83b8-458aa13ea669

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 0, References: 30, Pages: 13

Bibliography

Abdel‐Fadel M. . 1975. . Development, Income Distribution and Social Change in Rural Egypt (1952–1970): A Study in the Political Economy of Agrarian Transition . , Cambridge Univ Press. .
Abdelhakim T. . 1987. . “‘Agriculture and State Policies in Egypt’. ”. In The State and Agriculture in Africa . , Edited by: Bourenane N and Mkandaware T. . Codesria. .
Abel Khalek G. . July. 1979 . “‘The Open Door Economic Policy in Egypt: A Search for Meaning, Interpretation and Implications’. ”. In Studies in Egyptian Political Economy . , 2nd edn. , (Cairo Papers in Social Science). Edited by: Thompson H M. . Vol. Vol. 2. , July. ,
Baroudi S. . 1993. . ‘Egyptian Agricultural Exports Since 1973’. . The Middle East Journal . , Vol. 47((1))
Bush R. . 1994. . ‘Crisis in Egypt: Structural Adjustment, Food Security and the Politics of USAID’. . Capital and Class . , Vol. 53: Summer;
Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics. . Statistical Yearbook 1991 . Cairo Arab Republic of Egypt. :
1994.. . Civil Society . , Vol. 3((29)) May;
Cooper M N. . 1982. . The Transformation of Egypt . , London : : Croom Helm. .
Handoussa H. . 1991a. . “‘Crisis and Challenge: Prospects for the 1990s’. ”. In Employment and Structural Adjustment: Egypt in the 1990s . Edited by: Handoussa Heba and Potter Gillian. . Cairo, The American University in Cairo Press :
Holt R and Roe T. . 1993. . “‘The Political Economy of Reform: Egypt in the 1980s’. ”. In Political and Economic Interactions in Economic Policy Reform . , Edited by: Bates R and Krueger A. . Oxford : : Basil Blackwell.. .
Korayem Karima. . 1993. . ‘Structural Adjustment and Reform Policies in Egypt Economic and Social Implications’ . , United Nations Economic and Social Council. .
Mitchell T. . 1991. . ‘America's Egypt: Discourse of the Development Industry’. . Middle East Report . , March‐April;
Nassar S. . 1993. . “‘The Economic Impact of Reform Programs in the Agricultural Sector in Egypt, Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fishery Wealth and Land Reclamation’. ”. Cairo : : Economic Affairs Sector. .
Okonjo‐Iweala N. . ‘The Structural Adjustment Program and its Impact on Egyptian Agriculture’. In: . paper presented to International Conference on Sustainability of Egyptian Agriculture in the 1990s and Beyond; . Alexandria . .
Richards A. . 1991. . ‘The Political Economy of Dilatory Reform: Egypt in the 1980s’. . World Development . , Vol. 19((12))
1993. . ‘Economic Imperatives and Political Systems’. . The Middle East Journal . , Vol. 47((2))
el‐Sadat A. . 1974. . The October Paper . , Arab Republic of Egypt : : Information Organization. .
USAID. . 1991. . ‘Implementing A.I.D. Privatization Objectives’ . Cairo :
USAID. . May. 1992a . Country Program Strategy FY 1992–1996 . May. , Egypt:
USAID. . May. 1992b . Country Program Strategy FY 1992–1996, Economic Reform . May. , Egypt:
USAID. . May. 1992c . Country Program Strategy FY 1992–1996, Private Sector . May. , Egypt:
USAID. . May. 1992d . Country Program Strategy FY 1992–1996, Agriculture . May. , Egypt:
US Embassy. . April. 1991 . Foreign Economic Trends . April. , Cairo :
US Embassy. . January. 1994 . Foreign Economic Trends . January. , Cairo :
Waterbury J. . 1984. . The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat: The Political Economy of Two Regimes . , New Jersey : : Princeton University Press. .
Waterbury J. . 1992. . “‘The Heart of the Matter: Public Enterprise and the Adjustment Process’. ”. In The Politics of Economic Adjustment . , Edited by: Haggard S and Kaufman R. . New Jersey : : Princeton University Press. .
World Bank. . 1989. . Trends in Developing Economies 1989 . , Washington : : World Bank. .
World Bank. . 1991. . World Development Report . , Oxford : : University Press. .
World Bank. . 1992. . Arab Republic of Egypt: An Agricultural Strategy for the 1990s, Report No: 11083‐EGT .
World Bank. . 1994. . Background Documents, Consultative Group Meeting, January 25–26 1994 . , Paris : : Arab Republic of Egypt. .

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Abdel‐Fadel M. . 1975. . Development, Income Distribution and Social Change in Rural Egypt (1952–1970): A Study in the Political Economy of Agrarian Transition . , Cambridge Univ Press. .

[2] Abdelhakim T. . 1987. . “‘Agriculture and State Policies in Egypt’. ”. In The State and Agriculture in Africa . , Edited by: Bourenane N and Mkandaware T. . Codesria. .

[3] Abel Khalek G. . July. 1979 . “‘The Open Door Economic Policy in Egypt: A Search for Meaning, Interpretation and Implications’. ”. In Studies in Egyptian Political Economy . , 2nd edn. , (Cairo Papers in Social Science). Edited by: Thompson H M. . Vol. Vol. 2. , July. ,

[4] Baroudi S. . 1993. . ‘Egyptian Agricultural Exports Since 1973’. . The Middle East Journal . , Vol. 47((1))

[5] Bush R. . 1994. . ‘Crisis in Egypt: Structural Adjustment, Food Security and the Politics of USAID’. . Capital and Class . , Vol. 53: Summer;

[6] Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics. . Statistical Yearbook 1991 . Cairo Arab Republic of Egypt. :

[7] 1994.. . Civil Society . , Vol. 3((29)) May;

[8] Cooper M N. . 1982. . The Transformation of Egypt . , London : : Croom Helm. .

[9] Handoussa H. . 1991a. . “‘Crisis and Challenge: Prospects for the 1990s’. ”. In Employment and Structural Adjustment: Egypt in the 1990s . Edited by: Handoussa Heba and Potter Gillian. . Cairo, The American University in Cairo Press :

[10] Holt R and Roe T. . 1993. . “‘The Political Economy of Reform: Egypt in the 1980s’. ”. In Political and Economic Interactions in Economic Policy Reform . , Edited by: Bates R and Krueger A. . Oxford : : Basil Blackwell.. .

[11] Korayem Karima. . 1993. . ‘Structural Adjustment and Reform Policies in Egypt Economic and Social Implications’ . , United Nations Economic and Social Council. .

[12] Mitchell T. . 1991. . ‘America's Egypt: Discourse of the Development Industry’. . Middle East Report . , March‐April;

[13] Nassar S. . 1993. . “‘The Economic Impact of Reform Programs in the Agricultural Sector in Egypt, Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fishery Wealth and Land Reclamation’. ”. Cairo : : Economic Affairs Sector. .

[14] Okonjo‐Iweala N. . ‘The Structural Adjustment Program and its Impact on Egyptian Agriculture’. In: . paper presented to International Conference on Sustainability of Egyptian Agriculture in the 1990s and Beyond; . Alexandria . .

[15] Richards A. . 1991. . ‘The Political Economy of Dilatory Reform: Egypt in the 1980s’. . World Development . , Vol. 19((12))

[16] 1993. . ‘Economic Imperatives and Political Systems’. . The Middle East Journal . , Vol. 47((2))

[17] el‐Sadat A. . 1974. . The October Paper . , Arab Republic of Egypt : : Information Organization. .

[18] USAID. . 1991. . ‘Implementing A.I.D. Privatization Objectives’ . Cairo :

[19] USAID. . May. 1992a . Country Program Strategy FY 1992–1996 . May. , Egypt:

[20] USAID. . May. 1992b . Country Program Strategy FY 1992–1996, Economic Reform . May. , Egypt:

[21] USAID. . May. 1992c . Country Program Strategy FY 1992–1996, Private Sector . May. , Egypt:

[22] USAID. . May. 1992d . Country Program Strategy FY 1992–1996, Agriculture . May. , Egypt:

[23] US Embassy. . April. 1991 . Foreign Economic Trends . April. , Cairo :

[24] US Embassy. . January. 1994 . Foreign Economic Trends . January. , Cairo :

[25] Waterbury J. . 1984. . The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat: The Political Economy of Two Regimes . , New Jersey : : Princeton University Press. .

[26] Waterbury J. . 1992. . “‘The Heart of the Matter: Public Enterprise and the Adjustment Process’. ”. In The Politics of Economic Adjustment . , Edited by: Haggard S and Kaufman R. . New Jersey : : Princeton University Press. .

[27] World Bank. . 1989. . Trends in Developing Economies 1989 . , Washington : : World Bank. .

[28] World Bank. . 1991. . World Development Report . , Oxford : : University Press. .

[29] World Bank. . 1992. . Arab Republic of Egypt: An Agricultural Strategy for the 1990s, Report No: 11083‐EGT .

[30] World Bank. . 1994. . Background Documents, Consultative Group Meeting, January 25–26 1994 . , Paris : : Arab Republic of Egypt. .

Review of African Political Economy

Adjustment in Egypt? The political economy of reform

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