Particle ratios, equilibration and the QCD phase boundary

We discuss the status of thermal model descriptions of particle ratios in central nucleus–nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energy. An alternative to the 'Cleymans–Redlich' interpretation of the freeze-out trajectory is given in terms of the total baryon density. Emphasis is placed on the relation between the chemical equilibration parameters and the QCD phase boundary. Furthermore, we trace the essential difference between thermal model analyses of data from collisions between elementary particles and from heavy ion collisions due to a transition from local strangeness conservation to percolation of strangeness over large volumes, as occurs naturally in a deconfined medium. We also discuss predictions of the thermal model for composite particle production.