Geometrically nonlinear finite element simulation of smart piezolaminated plates and shells

In this work a geometrically nonlinear finite shell element is presented, incorporating piezoelectric layers. The finite element is implemented in a total Lagrangian approach, which requires special attention to be given to the proper definition of the mechanical and electrical quantities. The strain–displacement relations are based on the assumption of small strains and moderate rotations. The transverse displacement field and the transverse electric potential are assumed to vary linearly through the thickness. With the presented finite element, static as well as dynamic examples are calculated. The differences between the results obtained with linear and nonlinear theory are emphasized.