The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) was founded in 1978 and was the first institution in Italy to promote post-graduate courses leading to a Doctor Philosophiae (or PhD) degree. A centre of excellence among Italian and international universities, the school has around 65 teachers, 100 post docs and 245 PhD students, and is located in Trieste, in a campus of more than 10 hectares with wonderful views over the Gulf of Trieste.
SISSA hosts a very high-ranking, large and multidisciplinary scientific research output. The scientific papers produced by its researchers are published in high impact factor, well-known international journals, and in many cases in the world's most prestigious scientific journals such as Nature and Science. Over 900 students have so far started their careers in the field of mathematics, physics and neuroscience research at SISSA.
The integration and engineering of the ATLAS SemiConductor Tracker Barrel
A Abdesselam23, P P Allport14, C Anastopoulos29, B Anderson34, L Andricek19, F Anghinolfi7, R Apsimon27, T Atkinson18, D J Attree34, N Austin14, A Bangert19, G Barbier11, P Barclay27, A J Barr23, L E Batchelor27, R L Bates38, J R Batley6, G A Beck16, P J Bell17, W H Bell38, A Belymam16, J Benes26, P Benes26, J Bernabeu32, S Bethke19, J P Bizzell27, J Blocki9, J Bohm24, C N Booth29, E V Bouhova-Thacker13, O Brandt23, T J Brodbeck13, Z Broklova25, J Broz25, P A Bruckman de Renstrom23, S Burdin14, C M Buttar38, J M Butterworth34, E Capocci27, C Carpentieri10, A A Carter16, J R Carter6, A Catinaccio7, J R Catmore13, M Chamizo llatas11, D G Charlton4, A Cheplakov38, A Chilingarov13, S Chouridou28, D Chren26, M L Chu30, V Cindro15, A Ciocio2, J V Civera32, A Clark11, A P Colijn36, M J Costa32, D Costanzo29, J Cox23, C Dabinett27, W Dabrowski8, J Dalmau16, K M Danielsen22, S D'Auria38, I Dawson29, P de Jong36, M D Dehchar23, B Demirköz23, P Dervan14, S Diez Cornell32, S D Dixon29, E Dobson23, Z Dolezal25, M Donega11, M D'Onofrio11, O Dorholt22, M Doubrava26, J D Dowell4, Z Drasal25, I P Duerdoth17, R Duxfield29, M Dwuznik8, S Eckert10, L M Eklund7, R Ely2, C Escobar32, V Fadeyev28, D Fasching33, F Fawzi18, L Feld10, D Ferguson33, P Ferrari7, D Ferrere11, J Fopma23, P Ford27, R Fortin7, J M Foster17, H Fox10, T J Fraser34, J Freestone17, R S French29, J Fuster32, S Gadomski11, B J Gallop27, M Galuska26, F C Gannaway16, C Garcia32, J E Garcia Navarro32, N Ghodbane19, M D Gibson27, S M Gibson23, T Göttfert19, S Gonzalez33, S Gonzalez-Sevilla32, M J Goodrick6, G Gorfine37, A Gorišek15, E Gornicki9, A Greenall14, D Greenfield27, A A Grillo28, J Grosse-Knetter7, C Haber2, R Härtel19, K Hanagaki21, T Hansl-Kozanecka28, K Hara31, M Harris27, F G Hartjes36, D Hauff19, B M Hawes23, T Hayler27, S J Haywood27, F E W Heinemann23, R C W Henderson13, N P Hessey36, A Hicheur27, J C Hill6, M C Hodgkinson29, P Hodgson29, T I Hollins4, A Holmes23, R Holt27, T Holy26, T Horazdovsky26, S Hou30, D F Howell23, G Hughes13, T Huse22, M Ibbotson17, Y Ikegami12, C Issever23, K Jakobs10, J Jakubek26, R C Jared33, P Jarron7, L G Johansen1, P Johansson29, A Jones27, M Jones23, R W L Jones13, T J Jones14, T W Jones34, D Joos10, J Joseph33, P Jovanovic4, J Jusko26, O Jusko26, J Kaplon7, M Karagöz Ünel23, V Kartvelishvili13, N Kerschen29, C Ketterer10, A G Kholodenko35, S H Kim31, S Kluth19, P Kodys25, E Koffeman36, Z Kohout26, T Kohriki12, T Kondo12, S Koperny8, V Koukol26, V Kral26, G Kramberger15, P Kubik25, N Kundu23, C Lacasta32, V R Lacuesta32, W Lau23, S-C Lee30, R P Lefevre11, K J C Leney14, C G Lester6, Z Liang30, M Limper36, S W Lindsay14, V Linhart26, A J Lintern27, G Llosa Llacer32, C Lockett27, F K Loebinger17, M Lozano Fantoba32, I Ludwig10, J Ludwig10, G Lutz19, J Lynn23, M Maaßen10, D Macina11, A Macpherson7, C Macwaters27, C A Magrath36, P Malecki9, I Mandić15, M Mangin-Brinet11, S Marti i Garcia32, G F Martinez-McKinney28, T Maruyama31, J Matheson27, S J McMahon27, T J McMahon4, J Meinhardt10, B R Mellado Garcia33, I Messmer10, B Mikulec11, M Mikuž15, S Mima20, M Minano32, J Mistry16, V A Mitsou32, P Modesto32, S Moed11, B Mohn1, R M Moles Valls32, G F Moorhead18, J Morin16, A K Morley18, M-C Morone11, J Morris16, M C Morrissey27, H G Moser19, A Moszczynski9, A J M Muijs36, W J Murray27, K Nagai26, Y Nagai31, D Naito20, K Nakamura31, I Nakano20, C Nelson27, A Nichols27, R Nicholson29, R B Nickerson23, R Nisius19, M Olcese3, M Olivo Gomez19, V O'Shea38, B Ottewell23, O Oye1, E Paganis29, M J Palmer6, M A Parker6, U Parzefall10, S Pataraia19, J R Pater17, G Pellegrini32, H Pernegger7, E Perrin11, A W Phillips6, P W Phillips27, K Poltorak8, S Pospisil26, T Pritchard7, K Prokofiev29, P N Ratoff13, P Reznicek25, V N Riadovikov35, R H Richter19, A Robichaud-Veronneau11, D Robinson6, S Roe7, K Runge10, H F Sadrozinski28, J Sanchez32, H Sandaker1, J Santander32, D Scheirich25, J Schieck19, K Sedlak23, A Seiden28, A Sfyrla11, T Slavicek26, T J Sloan13, B Smith27, M Smizanska13, S W Snow17, M Solar26, A O Solberg1, B Sopko26, V Sopko26, L Sospedra Suay32, E Spencer28, H Spieler2, E Stanecka9, S Stapnes22, J Stastny24, I Stekl26, M Stodulski9, A Stradling33, B Stugu1, P Sutcliffe14, R R Szczygiel9, R Takashima5, R Tanaka20, G J Tappern27, J Tarrant27, G N Taylor18, P K Teng30, S Terada12, R J Thompson17, M Titov10, D R Tovey29, S N Tovey18, A Tricoli27, M Turala9, M Tyndel27, F Ukegawa31, M Ullan Comes32, Y Unno12, V Vacek26, S Valkar25, E Van der Kraaij36, T Vickey33, G H A Viehhauser23, E G Villani27, A P Vorobiev35, J H Vossebeld14, V Vrba24, T Vu Anh11, R S Wallny7, C P Ward6, R Wastie23, P Webb27, M Webel10, M Weber27, A R Weidberg23, P M Weilhammer7, C Weiser10, P S Wells7, P Werneke36, M J White6, M Wiesmann19, I Wilhelm25, I Wilmut27, J A Wilson4, M W Wolter9, S L Wu33, H Z Zhu29 and A Zsenei11
Published 30 October 2008 •
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Journal of Instrumentation,
Volume 3,
October 2008
Citation A Abdesselam et al 2008 JINST3 P10006DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/10/P10006
1 University of Bergen, Department for Physics and Technology, Allegaten 55, NO - 5007 Bergen, Norway
2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Physics Division, MS50B-6227, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
3 INFN Genova and Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica, via Dodecaneso 33, IT - 16146 Genova, Italy
4 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
5 Kyoto University of Education, 1 Fukakusa, Fujimori, fushimi-ku, Kyoto-shi, JP - Kyoto 612-8522, Japan
6 Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
7 CERN, CH - 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
8 Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science of the AGH-University of Science and Technology (FPACS, AGH-UST), al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Kraków, Poland
9 The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, PL - 31342 Kraków, Poland
10 Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Str. 3, D - 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
11 Université de Genève, Section de Physique, 24 rue Ernest Ansermet, CH - 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
12 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0801, Japan
13 Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
14 Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
15 Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
16 Department of Physics, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
17 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
18 School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
19 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Föhringer Ring 6, 80805 München, Germany
20 Okayama University, Faculty of Science, Tsushimanaka 3-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
21 Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
22 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, NO - 0316 Oslo 3, Norway
23 Department of Physics, Oxford University, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
24 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, CZ - 18221 Praha 8, Czech Republic
25 Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holesovickach 2, CZ - 18000 Praha 8, Czech Republic
26 Czech Technical University in Prague, Zikova 4, CZ - 166 35 Praha 6, Czech Republic
27 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
28 University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics (SCIPP), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States of America
29 University of Sheffield, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
30 Insitute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
31 University of Tsukuba, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
32 Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixt Univ. de Valencia - CSIC, Apdo. 22085, ES - 46071 Valencia, and Instituto de Microelectronica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), Dept. de Fisica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear, Univ. de Valencia, Spain
33 University of Wisconsin, Department of Physics, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
34 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, United Kingdom
35 Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
36 NIKHEF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
37 Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
38 University of Glasgow, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
The ATLAS SemiConductor Tracker (SCT) was built in three sections: a barrel and two end-caps. This paper describes the design, construction and final integration of the barrel section. The barrel is constructed around four nested cylinders that provide a stable and accurate support structure for the 2112 silicon modules and their associated services. The emphasis of this paper is directed at the aspects of engineering design that turned a concept into a fully-functioning detector, as well as the integration and testing of large sub-sections of the final SCT barrel detector.
The paper follows the chronology of the construction. The main steps of the assembly are described with the results of intermediate tests. The barrel service components were developed and fabricated in parallel so that a flow of detector modules, cooling loops, opto-harnesses and Frequency-Scanning-Interferometry (FSI) alignment structures could be assembled onto the four cylinders. Once finished, each cylinder was conveyed to the next site for the mounting of modules to form a complete single barrel. Extensive electrical and thermal function tests were carried out on the completed single barrels. In the next stage, the four single barrels and thermal enclosures were combined into the complete SCT barrel detector so that it could be integrated with the Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) barrel to form the central part of the ATLAS inner detector. Finally, the completed SCT barrel was tested together with the TRT barrel in noise tests and using cosmic rays.
