Skip to main content
Log in

Releasing the Human Spirit in Developing Drugs

Increasing Clinical Pharmacokinetics Productivity

  • Review Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A common problem in drug development is that highly trained people become trapped in doing the work of their respective discipline without taking individual responsibility for the most important questions. ‘Getting the dosage regimen right’ is a fundamental problem in drug development that is often not well performed. The experience described here transformed a department from completing required clinical pharmacokinetic studies to focusing on the most important questions in dosage regimen design that did not have a unique solution. Elements of the story include vision, quality, best practice, automation, transformation and impact. Productivity was increased by 81% within 2 years by one measure and there was a substantial positive financial impact.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Table I
Table II

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1The use of trade names is for product identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement.

References

  1. Friedman MA, Woodcock J, Lumpkin MM, et al. The safety of newly approved medicines: do recent market removals mean there is a problem? JAMA 1999; 281: 1728–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Wood AJJ. The safety of new medicines: the importance of asking the right questions. JAMA 1999; 281: 1753–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Drown DJ. Significant labeling and dosing changes for isosorbide dinitrate. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 1997; 12 (4): 32–3

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Flanagan A, Guy P, Steiner M, et al. A revolution in R&D. How genomics and genetics are transforming the biopharmaceutical industry. 2001 Nov 26. The Boston Consulting Group [online]. Available from URL: http://www.bcg. com/publications/files/eng_genomicsgenetics_rep_11_01.pdf/publications/files/eng_genomicsgenetics_rep_11_01.pdf [Accessed 2004 Apr 7]

    Google Scholar 

  5. DiMasi JA. New drug development in the United States from 1963 to 1999. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 69: 286–96

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. DiMasi JA. Risks in new drug development: approval success rates for investigational drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 69: 297–307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kotter JP. Leading change. Boston (MA): Harvard Business School Press, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  8. Olson SC, Bockbrader H, Boyd RA, et al. Impact of population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses on the drug development process. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000; 38: 449–59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ouellet D, Bockbrader HN, Wesche DL, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in infants and children. Epilepsy Res 2001; 47: 229–41

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lockwood P, Herman D, Ewy W, et al. Computer assisted trial design to support dose selection of CI-1017 in phase 2 Alzheimer’s studies [abstract 762]. Neurobiol Aging 2000; 21 Suppl. 1: S168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Cook JA, Bockbrader HN. An industrial implementation of the biopharmaceutics classification system. Dissolution Technol 2002; 9 (2): 6–8

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cook J, Zheng A, Hurst S, et al. Predictability of the magnitude of CYP 3A4 mediated drug interactions from in vitro Ki values [abstract PI-30]. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 69 (2): 8

    Google Scholar 

  13. Corrigan BW, Herman D, Burger P, et al. An analysis of exposure response data for pregabalin: a novel therapy for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain [abstract PI-69]. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 69 (2): 18

    Google Scholar 

  14. Miller R, Frame B. Corrigan BW, et al. Exposure-response analysis of pregabalin add-on treatment of patients with refractory partial seizures. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003; 73: 491–505

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chanoine F, Zegarac E, Bakker-Arkema R, et al. Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of conivaptan, a new vasopressin V1A/V2 antagonist, in patients with hyponatremia and congestive heart failure. AAPS PharmSci 2000; 2 Suppl. 4 [abstract 578; online]. Available from URL: http://www.aapspharm sci.org/abstracts/abstr2000/am_year_abstr.asp/abstracts/abstr2000/am_year_abstr.asp [Accessed 2004 Apr 1]

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge Christine Alvey, Howard Bockbrader, Rebecca Boyd, Richard Brown, Paula Burger, Francoise Chanoine, Brian Corrigan, Peter Lockwood, Mark Milad, David Mitchell, Arnab, Mukerjee, Stephen Olson, Daniele Ouellet, Paul Siedlik, Kanak Singh, Lloyd Whitfield, and Elizabeth Zegarac, as they were instrumental in bringing about the changes described above. Rita Criswell and Willi Foster facilitated the changes described. The authors conducted this work as full-time employees of Parke Davis and, subsequently Pfizer Inc.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Robert Powell.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Powell, J.R., Randinitis, E.J., Cook, J.A. et al. Releasing the Human Spirit in Developing Drugs. Int J Pharm Med 18, 13–17 (2004). https://doi.org/10.2165/00124363-200418010-00005

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00124363-200418010-00005

Keywords

Navigation