1887

Abstract

The sheathed filamentous bacterium known as strain CT3, isolated by micromanipulation from an activated sludge treatment plant in Italy, is a member of the genus in the - according to 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain CT3 are strains I and Q, which were also isolated from activated sludge and belong to the species . These strains have respectively 99·2 and 99·4 % similarity to CT3 by 16S rDNA sequence comparison. CT3 shows 63–67 % DNA–DNA hybridization with strain I, which is the only currently viable strain of . CT3 is the second strain in the genus that has been shown to be capable of growing autotrophically with reduced sulfur compounds as the sole energy source; autotrophy was also confirmed in strain I. The first reported chemolithoautotrophic isolate of this genus was a strain of ‘’ that was isolated from a hydrogen sulfide spring and is morphologically distinguishable from all other described strains of , including CT3. CT3 is an aerobic organism that is non-fermentative, not capable of denitrification and able to grow heterotrophically. Autotrophy in the genus should be investigated more fully to better define the taxonomy of this genus.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02647-0
2003-09-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/53/5/ijs531271.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02647-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. APHA AWWA & WPCF 1995 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater , 19th edn.Edited by Greenberg A. E. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association;
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Aruga S., Kamagata Y., Kohno T., Hanada S., Nakamura K., Kanagawa T. 2002; Characterization of filamentous Eikelboom type 021N bacteria and description of Thiothrix disciformis sp. nov. and Thiothrix flexilis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:1309–1316 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Blackall L. L. 1994; Molecular identification of activated sludge foaming bacteria. Water Sci Technol 29:35–42
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Blackall L. L., Seviour E. M., Cunningham M. A., Seviour R. J., Hugenholtz P. 1994; Microthrix parvicella ” is a novel, deep branching member of the actinomycetes subphylum. Syst Appl Microbiol 17:513–518
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Braunegg G., Sonnleitner B., Lafferty R. M. 1978; A rapid gas chromatographic method for the determination of poly- β -hydroxybutyric acid in microbial biomass. Eur J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 6:29–37 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Eikelboom D. H. 1975; Filamentous organisms observed in activated sludge. Water Res 9:365–388 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Grabovich M. Y., Patritskaya V. Y., Muntyan M. S., Dubinina G. A. 2001; Lithoautotrophic growth of the freshwater strain Beggiatoa D-402 and energy conservation in a homogeneous culture under microoxic conditions. FEMS Microbiol Lett 204:341–345 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Howarth R., Unz R. F., Seviour E. M., Seviour R. J., Blackall L. L., Pickup R. W., Jones J. G., Yaguchi J., Head I. M. 1999; Phylogenetic relationships of filamentous sulfur bacteria ( Thiothrix spp. and Eikelboom type 021N bacteria) isolated from wastewater-treatment plants and description of Thiothrix eikelboomii sp. nov., Thiothrix unzii sp. nov., Thiothrix fructosivorans sp. nov. and Thiothrix defluvii sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 491817–1827 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Jenkins D., Richard M. G., Daigger G. T. 1993 Manual on the Causes and Control of Activated Sludge Bulking and Foaming Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers;
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Lane D. J. 1991; 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. In Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics pp 115–175Edited by Stackebrandt E., Goodfellow M. Chichester: Wiley;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Larkin J. M. 1989; Genus II. Thiothrix Winogradsky 1888. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology pp 2098–2101Edited by Staley J. T., Bryant M. P., Pfennig N., Holt J. G. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Larkin J. M., Shinabarger D. L. 1983; Characterization of Thiothrix nivea . Int J Syst Bacteriol 33:841–846 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Larkin J. M., Strohl W. R. 1983; Beggiatoa Thiothrix and Thioploca . Annu Rev Microbiol 37:341–367 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Martin K., Schumann P., Rainey F. A., Schuetze B., Groth I. 1997; Janibacter limosus gen. nov., sp. nov. a new actinomycete with meso -diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:529–534 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Nelson D. C., Jørgensen B. B., Revsbech N. P. 1986; Growth pattern and yield of a chemoautotrophic Beggiatoa sp. in oxygen-sulfide microgradients. Appl Environ Microbiol 52:225–233
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Odintsova E. V., Dubinina G. A. 1991; The growth cycle, reproduction and ultrastructure of Thiothrix ramosa . Mikrobiologiya 60:314–320
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Odintsova E. V., Wood A. P., Kelly D. P. 1993; Chemolithoautotrophic growth of Thiothrix ramosa . Arch Microbiol 160:152–157 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Polz M. F., Odintsova E. V., Cavanaugh C. M. 1996; Phylogenetic relationships of the filamentous sulfur bacterium Thiothrix ramosa based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:94–97 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Rees G. N., Vasiliadis G., May J. W., Bayly R. C. 1992; Differentiation of polyphosphate and poly- β -hydroxybutyrate granules in an Acinetobacter sp. isolated from activated sludge. FEMS Microbiol Lett 94:171–173
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Skerman V. B. D. 1968; A new type of micromanipulator and microforge. J Gen Microbiol 54:287–297 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Smibert R. M., Krieg N. R. 1994; Phenotypic characterization. In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology pp 607–655Edited by Gerhardt P., Murray R. G. E., Wood W. A., Krieg N. R. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Stackebrandt E., Goebel B. M. 1994; Taxonomic note: a place for DNA–DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:846–849 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Tandoi V., Caravaglio N., Di Dio Balsamo D., Majone M., Tomei M. C. 1994; Isolation and physiological characterization of Thiothrix sp. Water Sci Technol 29:261–269
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Tandoi V., Rossetti S., Blackall L. L., Majone M. 1998; Some physiological properties of an Italian isolate of “ Microthrix parvicella ”. Water Sci Technol 37:1–8
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Wayne L. G., Brenner D. J., Colwell R. R.9 other authors 1987; International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:463–464 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Williams T. M., Unz R. F. 1985; Isolation and characterization of filamentous bacteria present in bulking activated sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 22:273–282
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Williams T. M., Unz R. F. 1989; The nutrition of Thiothrix , Type 021N, Beggiatoa and Leucothrix strains. Water Res 23:15–22 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02647-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02647-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error