Preclinical Models of Prostate Cancer: Patient-Derived Xenografts, Organoids, and Other Explant Models
- 1Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
- 2Cancer Discovery Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- 3Prostate Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- 4Departments of Medicine, Genetics & Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
- Correspondence: gail.risbridger{at}monash.edu
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a lethal disease. Preclinical cancer models that accurately represent the tumors of the patients they are intended to help are necessary to test potential therapeutic approaches and to better translate research discoveries. However, research in the prostate cancer field is hampered by the limited number of human cell lines and xenograft models, most of which do not recapitulate the human disease seen in the clinic today. This work reviews the recent advances in human patient-derived xenograft, organoid, and other explant models to address this need. In contrast to other tumor streams, the prostate cancer field is challenged by this approach, yet despite the limitations, patient-derived models remain an integral component of the preclinical testing pathway leading to better treatments for men with prostate cancer.
