Abstract
The Hall coefficient and magnetoresistance in purified (99.995%) natural graphite single crystals have been measured from 25 to 25 000 gauss at 298°, 77°, and 4.2°K with the field oriented parallel to the hexagonal axis. Special care was taken in the micromanipulation and strain-free mounting of these small soft crystals. Fast minority carriers due to Fermi-surface warping were discovered by their effect on the low-field Hall coefficient behavior. The compensating effect between the majority electron and hole densities [(5-2) × with over the above temperature range] and mobilities [(1.5-130)× /v sec with ] makes the Hall coefficient very sensitive to the temperature, impurities, and field where it even changes sign. A quadratic low-field room-temperature magnetoresistance dependence progresses at higher fields to an impurity-insensitive behavior. The large magnetoresistance ratio of graphite (∼ at 4.2°K and 23 kilogauss), along with the appearance of de Haas-van Alphen type oscillations in these properties, demonstrates the small effective masses () and long relaxation times (2.5× sec at 4.2°K). The mobility follows a law in the lattice-scattering region ≳50°K. Low-temperature results, showing carrier density differences and mobilities to be most sensitive to impurities, substantiate the relatively high purity of these crystals.
- Received 30 June 1958
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.112.698
©1958 American Physical Society