Metasurface Engineering through Bound States in the Continuum

Anton S. Kupriianov, Yi Xu, Andrey Sayanskiy, Victor Dmitriev, Yuri S. Kivshar, and Vladimir R. Tuz

Phys. Rev. Applied 12, 014024 – Published 12 July 2019

Abstract

Metasurfaces have attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to the alternative methods they provide for the efficient wavefront control and engineering of resonant transmission. We discuss an approach that allows the effective control of the appearance of sharp Fano resonances in metasurfaces associated with the bound states in the continuum. We demonstrate that by breaking the symmetry transversely, in the direction perpendicular to a metasurface with a complex unit cell, we can control the number, frequency, and type of high- $Q$ resonances originating from bound states in the continuum. As an example, we demonstrate experimentally the metasurfaces with magnetic dipole and toroidal dipole responses governed by the physics of multipolar bound states.

Received 10 April 2019
Revised 5 June 2019

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.12.014024

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Bound states Light-matter interaction Metamaterials Mie scattering Topological effects in photonic systems

Nanostructures

Electromagnetic wave theory Resonance techniques

General PhysicsAtomic, Molecular & OpticalCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Anton S. Kupriianov¹, Yi Xu², Andrey Sayanskiy³, Victor Dmitriev⁴, Yuri S. Kivshar^3,5, and Vladimir R. Tuz ^6,7,*

¹College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
²Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
³ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
⁴Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Para, PO Box 8619, Agencia UFPA, CEP 66075-900 Belem, Para, Brazil
⁵Nonlinear Physics Center, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
⁶International Center of Future Science, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
⁷Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine

^*tvr@jlu.edu.cn; tvr@rian.kharkov.ua

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Vol. 12, Iss. 1 — July 2019

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Images

Figure 1
(a) Symmetry breaking in all-dielectric metasurfaces composed of cluster-based unit cells; two typical examples are (b) dimer and (c) trimer clusters of dissimilar subwavelength dielectric disks.
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Figure 2
(a) Set of the BIC-type eigenstates and (b) the corresponding electromagnetic near-field distribution for metasurfaces with the unit cell composed of a pair of disks (dimer). (c) Access to leaky resonance originated from BIC mode D2 of the dimer metasurface via out-of-plane symmetry breaking. (d) Dependence of the quality factors of leaky resonances originated from BIC modes D1–D4 on the out-of-plane asymmetry parameter $θ$ [in (mm)]. Parameters of the metasurface are $r_{d} = 4 mm$ , $h_{d} = 3.5 mm$ , $d = 20 mm$ , $l = 0.5 mm$ , $ε_{d} = 22$ , $ε_{s} = 1$ .
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Figure 3
(a) Set of BIC-type eigenstates and (b) their electromagnetic near-field distributions for metasurfaces with the twin-trimer unit cell. (c) Schemes of access to mode T1 in the trimer-based metasurface. (d) Evolution of the transmission spectra vs the asymmetry parameter $θ$ [in (mm)]. (e) Electromagnetic near-field distribution of the leaky mode at the resonant frequency corresponding to the manifestation of mode T1. $d = 31.1 mm$ , all other parameters are the same as in Fig. 2.
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Figure 4
Experimental results. (a) Transmission coefficient of the trimer-based metasurface. The inset presents a fragment of the metasurface prototype and several sets of particles. In the simulation, actual material losses ( $\tan δ = 1 \times 10^{- 3}$ ) in ceramic particles are taken into account, while the substrate is modeled as a lossless dielectric. The asymmetry factor is $θ = - 1.0 mm$ . All other material and geometrical parameters of the metasurface are the same as in Fig. 3. (b) Simulated and (c) measured near-field distribution of the real part of the normal component of the electric field ( $E_{z}$ ) at the resonant frequency $f_{LM}$ . The measurement plane is 1 mm away from the metasurface. The field is normalized to the maximum value of $E_{z}$ .
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Figure 5
Metasurface with a dimer cluster in a square unit cell. (a) Set of eigenstates behaving as BICs and (b) their electromagnetic near-field distribution for the dimer unit cell. (c) Schemes of access to mode D2 in the dimer-based metasurface. The transmission spectra of the metasurface with nonperturbed and perturbed clusters. (d) Dependence of the quality factors of leaky resonances originating from BIC modes D1 and D2 on the out-of-plane asymmetry parameter $θ$ [in (nm)]. The structure is constructed from silicon nanodisks ( $ε_{d} = 11.56$ ) separated by a gap $l = 30 nm$ . The thickness of nanodisks is $h_{d} = 220 nm$ and the radius is $a_{d} = 160 nm$ . The period of metasurface is $p = 730 nm$ .
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