We discuss the interpretation of thermoelectric power in heterogeneous media, and using a compilation of many sets of data, we analyze the thermopower of conducting polymers as a function of conductivity and of temperature. For samples of very high conductivity, the thermopower (but not the conductivity) shows typical metallic temperature dependence, which is consistent with a heterogeneous model of metallic fibrils separated by thin electrical barriers. Metallic thermopower is expected rather generally to show significant nonlinearities as a function of temperature, and we demonstrate that the observed thermopower in some highly conducting polymers is very similar to the diffusion thermopower of metals in which a knee is produced at low temperatures by the electron-phonon interaction. The thermopower of moderately doped conducting polymers, like their conductivity, is generally consistent with a significant contribution from variable-range hopping.

• Received 23 December 1988

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.40.2806