Abstract
The gauge dependence of the effective action and potential are studied in general gauge theories. Explicit expressions which manifest all the gauge dependences of and are obtained. From these equations, it is concluded that (or ) has gauge-invariant values for any solution of the Euler-Lagrange equation (or ) Introduction of a certain concept about the categories of gauge conditions resolves the appearance of a gauge-dependent unphysical "vacuum." Any gauge can be used to calculate . A wide class of gauges are allowed for the effective potential ; for instance, in scalar QED the allowed gauges are , (where the direction of condensation is restricted to ), the Coulomb gauge, and the axial gauge. In particular the gauge is also an allowed gauge.
- Received 16 December 1975
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.13.3469
©1976 American Physical Society