We discuss the implementation of the “direct” maximal center gauge (a gauge which maximizes the lattice average of the squared-modulus of the trace of link variables), and its use in identifying $Z_2$ center vortices in Yang-Mills vacuum configurations generated by lattice Monte Carlo calculations. We find that center vortices identified in the vacuum state account for the full asymptotic string tension. Scaling of vortex densities with lattice coupling, change in vortex size with cooling, and sensitivity to Gribov copies are discussed. Preliminary evidence is presented, on small lattices, for center dominance in SU(3) lattice gauge theory.

• Received 22 January 1998

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.58.094501