Figure 1

The left figure is the sketch of an emergent island universe in $\Lambda$ sea, which arises from a local quantum fluctuation violating the null energy condition, in which during the fluctuation the local Hubble length scale decreases rapidly, but the local scale factor will expand all the time, though its change is so small that it is nearly unchanged. The upper right panel is the contour plot of the left figure, in which the white region is the island filled with radiation, while the black region is the $\Lambda$ sea. The lower right panel look likes the ripples on the sea, which is the contour plot of the left figure after enough long time since the fluctuation is over, in which the internal and external rings represent the radiation/matter-dominated region, respectively. There is not the inflation (slow rolling) region, compared with the recycling universe [12].Reuse & Permissions