Four-Terminal Phase-Coherent Conductance

M. Büttiker
Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1761 – Published 6 October 1986
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Abstract

A conductance formula for a sample of arbitrary shape with four terminals is derived to describe transport in the limit where carriers can traverse the sample without suffering phase-destroying events. The Onsager-Casimir symmetry relations are deduced. Experiments measure an off-diagonal Onsager coefficient and the magnetoconductance of such a sample is asymmetric even in the presence of an Aharonov-Bohm flux only. Symmetry relations between conductance measurements which exchange the role of current and voltage leads are predicted.

  • Received 2 June 1986

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.1761

©1986 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

M. Büttiker

  • IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598

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Issue

Vol. 57, Iss. 14 — 6 October 1986

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