We define a variant of the model of Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld of self-organized critial behavior by introducing a preferred direction. We characterize the critical state and, by establishing equivalence to a voter model, determine the critical exponents exactly in arbitrary dimension d. The upper critical dimension for this model is three. In two dimensions the model is equivalent to an earlier solved special case of directed percolation.

• Received 10 May 1989

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.1659