Steering, Entanglement, Nonlocality, and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox

H. M. Wiseman, S. J. Jones, and A. C. Doherty
Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 140402 – Published 6 April 2007

Abstract

The concept of steering was introduced by Schrödinger in 1935 as a generalization of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox for arbitrary pure bipartite entangled states and arbitrary measurements by one party. Until now, it has never been rigorously defined, so it has not been known (for example) what mixed states are steerable (that is, can be used to exhibit steering). We provide an operational definition, from which we prove (by considering Werner states and isotropic states) that steerable states are a strict subset of the entangled states, and a strict superset of the states that can exhibit Bell nonlocality. For arbitrary bipartite Gaussian states we derive a linear matrix inequality that decides the question of steerability via Gaussian measurements, and we relate this to the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.

  • Figure
  • Received 22 December 2006

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.140402

©2007 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

H. M. Wiseman1, S. J. Jones1, and A. C. Doherty2

  • 1Centre for Quantum Computer Technology, Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111 Australia
  • 2School of Physical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072 Australia

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Issue

Vol. 98, Iss. 14 — 6 April 2007

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